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Over the Waves arr. piano solo (Melody + Chords)

Juventino Rosas was a Mexican composer and violinist who began his career as a street musician. After a visit to Cuba in 1894 he became very poorly an Read More...

Juventino Rosas was a Mexican composer and violinist who began his career as a street musician. After a visit to Cuba in 1894 he became very poorly and sadly died at the young age of 26. "Over the Waves" (Sobre las Olas) was published in Mexico in 1888 and is one of the most familiar of all Latin American pieces. The waltz melody is nowadays played by many stylistically differing types of performing groups. The melody is very much associated with the music of funfairs, trapeze artists and fairground organs and was used for the song "The Loveliest Night of the Year" from the MGM film "The Great Caruso." This improver level (second year players) movement is a melody accompanied by vamped chords The realisation plays back at 60 dotted half note (minim) beats to the minute and keyboard players need to communicate a one to the bar feel in their playing. The movement is in ternary form Close

Over the Waves arr. piano solo (Two Part)

Juventino Rosas was a Mexican composer and violinist who began his career as a street musician. After a visit to Cuba in 1894 he became very poorly an Read More...

Juventino Rosas was a Mexican composer and violinist who began his career as a street musician. After a visit to Cuba in 1894 he became very poorly and sadly died at the young age of 26. "Over the Waves" (Sobre las Olas) was published in Mexico in 1888 and is one of the most well known Latin American pieces. The waltz melody is nowadays played by many stylistically differing types of performing groups. The melody is very much associated with the music of funfairs, trapeze artists and fairground organs and was used for the song "The Loveliest Night of the Year" from the MGM film "The Great Caruso." This improver level (second year player) movement is a two part version. The realisation plays back at 60 dotted half note (minim) beats to the minute and players need to communicate a one to the bar feel in their playing. The movement is in ternary form. Close

None but the Lonely Heart arr. solo piano

Although only 54 bars long the piece has great emotional and musical range making it an ideal assessment piece. For the pianist the challenge is to co Read More...

Although only 54 bars long the piece has great emotional and musical range making it an ideal assessment piece. For the pianist the challenge is to communicate the melody of the song with as much of the intended accompaniment as possible. In the transcription there has been some necessary editing of the chords and the technique of crossing hands will need to be explored by the keyboard player to ensure legato playing of the melody. The repeating elements add unity to the song which has strong rhythmic and melodic shapes. Whilst there is a clearly evident phrase structure there are some overlapping phrases and the occasionally musical link which the pianist will need to take into consideration during a performance. This arrangement keeps close to the composer’s original version of the song. There is a considerable amount of score detail and it is an excellent piece for developing controlled and quality of tone in solo playing. Pianists will need to make use of the sustaining pedal whilst the off-beat or syncopated chords in the accompaniment add to the intensity of the music. The realisation plays back at a tempo of 90 quarter notes or crotchet beats to the minute. None but the Lonely Heart originates as a song dating from 1869 coming from the composer’s Opus 6 collection. The poetry was written by the German romantic poet Goethe and subsequently translated into Russian. The music editor recommends reading a translation of the text although the clear message in the poem is an expression of loneliness. Songs are understandably often arranged in different keys and two versions are available in the pdf download the first in Eb and the second in D. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D R.84

This is a stunning piece and often played as an encore. There are many fine performances of this work some of them taken at speeds that could be descr Read More...

This is a stunning piece and often played as an encore. There are many fine performances of this work some of them taken at speeds that could be described as frightening. For the sake of clarity in communication the sheet music score is the same as the realisation or playback score. A plain score is also appended to the edited music score. This work needs to be played with the fingers close to the keys control and a light touch as many notes are played staccatissimo and the changing fingers on a note technique will need to be used. Where appropriate look for opportunities to use sequential fingering. The cadences can and should be played with more fluidity than is demonstrated in the realisation particularly if additional ornaments are added in the repeats. A tempo of 76 dotted quarter notes to the minute is used in the realisation and the work should be played with a one in the bar feel. If you can manage a tempo of 80 dotted quarter notes to the minute then music does really come alive The advice on playing the ornaments is to be consistent, maintain rhythmic symmetry and explore options in the repeat sections. The music editor has yet to find two performers who have the same or at least a similar approach to the playing of the ornaments and suggests that players should listen to various performances of the work. Padre Antonio Soler was a Spanish Catalan composer whose work belongs to the late Baroque and early Classical times. His best known works are his one movement sonatas which show the influenced by Domenico Scarlatti. Soler also took Holy Orders in his early 20’s and working at the monastery known as EL Escorial near to Madrid in Spain combining his duties as a monk with composition and teaching. His music was catalogued by Rubio early in the 20th century. This music is played on the harpsichord and piano whilst there are arrangements of this sonata for the harp and classical guitar. Close

Prelude in G BWV 902

This prelude possibly dates from 1730 and is composed in four voices or lines of music with some sections having all voices sounding, whilst in others Read More...

This prelude possibly dates from 1730 and is composed in four voices or lines of music with some sections having all voices sounding, whilst in others three and sometimes only two. It opens with a section that is almost vocal in character before it transforms into a keyboard piece. There are no ornaments indicated in the score although there is an extraordinary amount of detail in the rhythmic figuration. The B section which begins at Bar 29 has some almost toccata like shapes whilst a four octave range is explored in the keyboard writing. The tempo of the realisation and playback is 72 quarter note beats to the minute and the repeats are not played. The repeat bar is indicated by a double bar at the end of bar 28 and there is also one at the end of the final bar in the sheet music score. One challenge for the performer is communicating the layers and lines that exist in the music with an awareness of an eighth note or quaver pulse. Another is to play the movement at a tempo that is appropriate and which can be maintained for the whole movement. Some of the figuration in the score can be a challenge to play if the tempo is too fast. The piece can be performed AB, AAB and even AABB the latter making it quite a long piece. The music editor when learning the movement started with the final section bars 41-56, before playing bars 29-56 and then the piece as a whole. The specified fingering is appropriate for someone who can manage a reach of a 9th with both hands. A plain score is also appended to the edited music score. Close

Piccolo Valzer

Puccini’s Piccolo Valzer dates from 1894 and but was revisited by the composer becoming Musetta’s Waltz “Quando me n’vo” in Act II of the op Read More...

Puccini’s Piccolo Valzer dates from 1894 and but was revisited by the composer becoming Musetta’s Waltz “Quando me n’vo” in Act II of the opera “La Boheme.” It is interesting to play this waltz melody as a piano piece and the music editor suggests a Moderato tempo rather than Lento. The composer was inspired to write the work after a boat trip fishing on the lake close to his home. The playing instruction con ondulazione is a reference to ripples on the water. Pianists need to avoid playing with too heavy a touch and the sustaining pedal needs to be used or else the playing may sound on the lumpy side. This is marked in the sheet music score and be ready for some rather quick pedalling changes. The realisation plays at 94 quarter note beats to the minute. There is opportunity for the music to ebb and flow in respect to the tempo and the tempo rubato is a reference to this type of playing. There is some wonderful harmonic writing in this ternary form ABA work but avoid any exaggerated playing and aim to communicate the simplicity and beauty of the melody. Close

Elite Syncopations arr. intermediate level piano

Elite Syncopations is one of Scott Joplin best ragtime compositions. If you are not sure how to approach the playing of Joplin’s music listen to th Read More...

Elite Syncopations is one of Scott Joplin best ragtime compositions. If you are not sure how to approach the playing of Joplin’s music listen to the composers own whose remastered piano rolls which are an excellent source of clarifying how this style of music should be performed. A tempo of 78 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended in this arrangement for intermediate level piano which also has suggested fingering in place. The music sounds key in the original key of C. Close

Norwegian Dance No.2 arr. solo piano

An arrangement by the composer for solo piano of this charming character piece. This movement is in ABA ternary form with the A section playing back a Read More...

An arrangement by the composer for solo piano of this charming character piece. This movement is in ABA ternary form with the A section playing back at a tempo of 66 quarter note beats to the minute in the realisation and the faster B section at 108 quarter note beats to the minute. The music has a regular 4 bar phrase structure and there are some chromatic elements in the writing. There is opportunity for some subtle changes in tempo particularly at the ends of sections and these feature in the realisations. The melodic and rhythmic shapes of the movement are both strong and although concisely written there is plenty of contrast. It is an excellent performance piece with the opening melodic shape having an almost teasing quality. There is always a sense of movement in Grieg’s writing and the ranges of colour in his harmonic writing make his music eminently suitable to being played by many different combinations of instruments. Pianists have a number of different techniques that they develop when playing this piece including legato, staccato, accents, tenuto, spread chords, crossing over of hands and using the sustaining and sostenuto pedal. It is a very good piece for developing octave playing. The sustaining pedal needs to be used in the playing of the movement and many of the piano chords are played in a spread or arpeggiated pattern. Grieg lived at a time when there was much development in piano technique and the quality of pianos improved greatly during his lifetime with the introduction of iron framed instruments. The humour in the music also invites an exaggerated performance although not featured in the realisation. Players should listen to performances to form their own view and explore different approaches to interpreting the music. As is the case with music from this period the sheet music copy has a considerable amount of score detail. Grieg’s Norwegian Dance No.2 was published in 1880 as a piano duet or more correctly music for piano four hands. Piano duets were a very popular in the late 19th century and much music would appear in this format. Grieg was fortunate in being able to access several folk music collections and much of this collected material was incorporated into arrangements and compositions. Close

Tarantella arr. piano

A tarantella is a fast energetic traditional folk dance in 6/8 time. It has a characteristic upbeat and is associated with strong emotions and passion Read More...

A tarantella is a fast energetic traditional folk dance in 6/8 time. It has a characteristic upbeat and is associated with strong emotions and passions in the many forms of the dance that exist. Some examples of the dance explore the supernatural and others magic and spirituality. Its origins are a dance for couples from Southern Italy with tambourines frequently used to accompany the dancers. This particularly arrangement for solo piano has 4 strains of music ABCD with each strain repeated. Clarinet players may wish to explore the lower octave as well in their playing of the piece. The playback tempo is 110 dotted quarter note beats to the minute. There are many melodic variants and arrangements of this music. Chopin, Gottschalk, Britten and other serious composers have also contributed music to the tarantella repertoire. Close

Neapolitan Song Piano Solo

This charming and tuneful piece is from Tchaikovsky’s Children’s Album Opus 39 which dates from 1878. The first section is played at a tempo of 10 Read More...

This charming and tuneful piece is from Tchaikovsky’s Children’s Album Opus 39 which dates from 1878. The first section is played at a tempo of 100 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute and the faster section at 120 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute. The melodic line needs to clearly articulated and the accompaniment played with a lightness and bounce. The melody also features in Act 3 of the composer’s ballet Swan Lake. Close

Off To California arr. piano solo in G (Two Part + Letter Names)

The hornpipe is found in the folk music of England, Scotland and Ireland and has a traditional association with sailors in that dancing was used on lo Read More...

The hornpipe is found in the folk music of England, Scotland and Ireland and has a traditional association with sailors in that dancing was used on long sea journeys to keep them fit. Hornpipes are usually associated with other hornpipes in a performance context in what is described as a dance set. Most folk music is played from memory and both memory and ensemble playing should be encouraged. The realisation of this two part version with letter names in the note heads plays at 132 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute and the hornpipe is in AB (Binary) form. The music needs to be played with a triplet feel as demonstrated in the realisation. The repeats are not played in the realisation and there is no ornamentation of the melodic line in this version which has vamped chords to accompany the melody. Folk music scores are generally presented with minimal score detail although this score has both letter names of the notes in the notepad and suggested finger to encourage the beginner player to make rapid progress. Understand that the playing of ornaments whilst relevant in repetitive music of this kind requires a special study and is governed by the instrument being played, the music tradition being represented and sometimes geography/locality. A study of ornamentation in folk music the music editor suggests is not for the faint hearted! There are also examples of hornpipes in baroque music including Handel’s Water Music. Close

Off To California arr. piano solo in G (Vamped Chords)

The hornpipe is found in the folk music of England, Scotland and Ireland and has a traditional association with sailors in that dancing was used on lo Read More...

The hornpipe is found in the folk music of England, Scotland and Ireland and has a traditional association with sailors in that dancing was used on long sea journeys to keep them fit. Hornpipes are usually associated with other hornpipes in a performance context in what is described as a dance set. Most folk music is played from memory and both memory and ensemble playing should be encouraged. The realisation of this version with vamped chords as the accompaniment plays at 132 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute and the hornpipe is in AB (Binary) form. The music needs to be played with a triplet feel as demonstrated in the realisation. The repeats are not played in the realisation and there is no ornamentation of the melodic line in this version which has vamped chords to accompany the melody. Folk music scores are generally presented with minimal score detail although there is some suggested fingering for the player. Understand that the playing of ornaments whilst relevant in repetitive music of this kind requires a special study and is governed by the instrument being played, the music tradition being represented and sometimes geography/locality. A study of ornamentation in folk music the music editor suggests is not for the faint-hearted! There are also examples of hornpipes in baroque music including Handel’s Water Music. Close

Off To California arr. piano solo in G (Two Part)

The hornpipe is found in the folk music of England, Scotland and Ireland and has a traditional association with sailors in that dancing was used on lo Read More...

The hornpipe is found in the folk music of England, Scotland and Ireland and has a traditional association with sailors in that dancing was used on long sea journeys to keep them fit. Hornpipes are usually associated with other hornpipes in a performance context in what is described as a dance set. Most folk music is played from memory and both memory and ensemble playing should be encouraged. The realisation of this two part plays at 132 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute and the hornpipe is in AB (Binary) form. The music needs to be played with a triplet fee as heard in the realisation. The repeats are not played in the realisation and there is no ornamentation of the melodic line in this two part version. Folk music scores are generally presented with minimal score detail although in this score there is some suggested fingering. Understand that the playing of ornaments whilst relevant in repetitive music of this kind requires a special study and is governed by the instrument being played, the music tradition being represented and sometimes geography/locality. A study of ornamentation in folk music the music editor suggests is not for the faint-hearted! There are also examples of hornpipes in baroque music including Handel’s Water Music. Close

Swing Low, Sweet Chariot arr. piano solo in G

This is a very popular piece of music that in many respects transcends idiom, style & it could be suggested culture. This improver level arrangement s Read More...

This is a very popular piece of music that in many respects transcends idiom, style & it could be suggested culture. This improver level arrangement solo piano in G is in common time although some of the accompanying chords and rhythmic shapes have been updated to give a more contemporary style. This familiar spiritual gained popularity during the 1960’s with the Civil Rights movement and since 1988 it has become associated with the English rugby team. This arrangement explores a gentle rock style whilst the realisation plays back at a tempo of 100 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the bar. Close

Swing Low, Sweet Chariot arr. piano solo in F

This is a very popular piece of music that in many respects transcends idiom, style & it could be suggested culture. This improver level arrangement f Read More...

This is a very popular piece of music that in many respects transcends idiom, style & it could be suggested culture. This improver level arrangement for solo piano or keyboard in F is in common time although some of the accompanying chords and rhythmic shapes have been updated to give a more contemporary style. This familiar spiritual gained popularity during the 1960’s with the Civil Rights movement and since 1988 it has become associated with the English rugby team. This arrangement explores a gentle rock style whilst the realisation plays back at a tempo of 100 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the bar. Close

Skye Boat Song arr. solo piano

This familiar Scottish folk song begins and ends with a chorus (chorus-verse-chorus) and whilst the song’s text describes the escape of Bonnie Princ Read More...

This familiar Scottish folk song begins and ends with a chorus (chorus-verse-chorus) and whilst the song’s text describes the escape of Bonnie Prince Charles it is often sung as a lullaby. This improver level arrangement is in 6/8 time and is suited to being played by a number of instrument combinations This arrangement keeps the melody as it usually sung but some of the accompanying chords have been updated to give a more contemporary feel. There is no introduction in order to keep the phrase structure balanced. Close

Pavane arr. Intermediate Level Piano

This is an intermediate level piano arrangement based on the piano and SATB vocal arrangement by the composer. The layout is intended to clarify the Read More...

This is an intermediate level piano arrangement based on the piano and SATB vocal arrangement by the composer. The layout is intended to clarify the voicing of the music. The elements of the piece are a distinctive melody, combined with an accompaniment that is for much of the time figurative in character, the occasional countermelody and bass line. Fauré composed music that references both modal and harmonic scales and this explains the feature known as “false relation” (conflicting accidentals in different voices) which appear in bar 22 and 23 and several other bars. It is music that needs to be played with clarity and dignity and not too quickly. The realisation plays back at 80 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute. If the movement is played too quickly it loses its poise and gracefulness. The music exists in many different arrangements but is probably most familiar in its orchestral version although it started off life as a piano piece in the 1880’s. The trill in the realisation begins on the E# beginning and ending with sixteenth notes as shown in the video score on YouTube although trills are open to being interpreted in different ways. One of the playing challenges is that the same note can be sounded in a different part. The pavane has its origins as a slow processional dance popular in the renaissance period but has since been given a new lease of life by composers including Fauré and Ravel. The music editor suggests limited use of use of the sustaining pedal particularly when the bass notes have a quarter note (crotchet) value. This is an excellent piece for exploring the tonal range of the piano but avoid playing the quieter sections too loudly. Playing the first section from bar 1 – 42 ending on the chord at the beginning of bar 42 works well as a “short version” of the movement. Close

Variations on the Song “I slept, I dreamed”

A theme and 10 variations selected from the set of twenty four published 1770. The writing suggests the music was intended for both the harpsichord an Read More...

A theme and 10 variations selected from the set of twenty four published 1770. The writing suggests the music was intended for both the harpsichord and fortepiano. The editor has selected variations particularly appropriate to the development of piano technique and has avoided including variations which are more baroque in character and suited to being played on the harpsichord. The musical content is both charming and appealing, well suited to developing technical skills and musical memory. The tempo of the theme is played at 76 quarter notes to the minute and generally, the tempo of the variations remains the same with the minor variation possibly played a little slower. The ornamentation is straight forward and the sheet music score has ossia staves with some of the ornaments written out in full. No pedal markings have been notated in the score although some use of the sustaining pedal may be used. This is excellent music for developing keyboard technique and the music editor is surprised that the movement is not more widely known. The German title for this music is Variationen über das lied "ich schlief, da träumte mir”. Close

C. P. E. Bach First Movement from Keyboard Sonata in F minor W.57/6 H.173

This music was composed in 1763 and anticipates particularly thematically and rhythmically musical directions later explored by Beethoven and others. Read More...

This music was composed in 1763 and anticipates particularly thematically and rhythmically musical directions later explored by Beethoven and others. Pianists need to approach playing this movement with clarity in their rhythmic intention and demonstrate an understanding of the context of the triplet figuration that dominates the movement. Whilst the realisation indicates the music editor’s intention as to how the music should be approached the piano touch could be on the lighter side and there could be a little more “ebb and flow” tempo wise in the cadenza like sections (bars 22-23, bars 55-56 & bars 78-79) and at cadences. Although the music texturally isn’t complicated, the piece is quite demanding to play in that a consistency of touch and articulation is required. The instrument needs to be played with a lightness of touch with the player intent upon communicating the beauty of the music. Understandably there is no evidence of performance practice from C.P.E Bach’s own time and the music editor suggests that it is quite possibly that approaches to playing of music from this period have changed over time. A tempo of 120 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is used in the realisation. The music copy has been prepared with the modern piano intended as the performance instrument. Limited use of the sustaining pedal can be considered and ornaments need to be played with a similar rhythmic clarity and an understanding of context. Not many people play C.P.E.Bach’s music which is a shame because he composed works of quality and he has an important position in music history linking the Baroque with the Classical era. Both Haydn and Beethoven were influenced by his compositional approach. The music editor also suggests listening to the available recordings of the work played on a variety of different keyboard instruments. Interestingly there are many different approaches to playing this piece particularly with respect to tempo and rhythmic interpretation. Some performers approach the piece as if it is a piece of classical music even suggesting tempos and a playing approach in the style and manner of playing a Beethoven piano sonata. Recordings also have different acoustic properties although many in the music editor’s opinion are much too reverberant and consequently “rather cloudy”. The challenge is to play the piece with the intention of revealing its beauty, its texture, it’s rhythmic intention and the composer’s individual style whilst acknowledging its historical context. Whilst the music, texturally, belongs to the baroque both thematically and rhythmically the musical content looks forward and anticipates much of the keyboard music style of Haydn and Beethoven. This is an ideal challenge for some test piece at a competition or music festival because it invites so many different approaches. There is a commentary on how to play the ornaments in the score. Close

Third Movement: Allegro assai from Sonata in A minor

This movement is the third and last movement of a sonata published as part of a collection of harpsichord sonatas in 1742. Whilst there is evidence in Read More...

This movement is the third and last movement of a sonata published as part of a collection of harpsichord sonatas in 1742. Whilst there is evidence in the score of its harpsichord origins it is nevertheless a piece very suited to being performed on a modern piano. The counterpoint or combination of lines of music lines is a particularly strong element in the composition. A tempo of 132 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is used in the realisation although a target of 120 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is probably a fair target in the first instance. Contemporary performances of the piece generally have the first section repeated and the second section played without a repeat. There is quite an amount of dramatic tension in the music arising from the detached notes and the concise two bar phrasing suggesting at times an almost hushed urgency. The ornaments include trills which start on the note, crushed notes or acciaccaturas and the odd appoggiatura which have sometimes been written out as in bar 7. The ornaments in the section from bar 86 to 91 are best played as crushed notes giving the music a more classical spirit to it although in some scores they are notated as appoggiaturas. The music editor always references contemporary performance practice when preparing scores and favours crushed notes in this instance. As usual the music editor has been very consistent in his approach to ornamentation and advises players to keep matters as simple and straightforward as possible. Keep the trills metrical and the editor suggests that it is best to avoid a triplet ending to the trills although they are inclined to sneak in to ones playing almost unnoticed. Spread chords are a feature and some work is required to sort out the sharing of the work load between the two hands. This is an excellent example of music that is for want of a better description is pre-classical composed in the period between the baroque and classical era. C. P. E. Bach’s music is deserving of being played and listened to more regularly in what is one of the most interesting and fascinating times in music history. The music editor is keen to hear that this piece is being played and would value receiving feedback. Whilst a sheet music score has been prepared as if the piece is a classical work there is a plain score appended to the edited music score. Close

Fugue in C major

A fugue is not strictly a musical form but more a compositional style in which the process of imitation dominates in voices or lines of music describe Read More...

A fugue is not strictly a musical form but more a compositional style in which the process of imitation dominates in voices or lines of music described as counterpoint. Understand that the musical conception is in lines. The realisation plays back at 100 dotted quarter notes to the minute. The music editor suggests that if you have the technique and composure try to get to 110 dotted quarter notes to the minute as the music then really does seem to come alive. The dynamic range of this work is very much determined by the texture which varies from a single voice to four voices in varying combinations. In music of this time the score detail tends to be quite minimal and this score keeps to that practice. Buxtehude’s position in music history has resulted in him being overshadowed by J. S. Bach but Buxtehude composed many fine keyboard works that transcribe well to the piano. This is an uplifting piece to both listen to and play having the rhythmic template of a jig and a “modern” sound attributable to the tonal ambiguities that result from the conflicting accidentals often in different lines of the music. For those interested in finding out more about this look up the term “false relation.” The subject entries need to be clearly articulated and a sense of forward movement needs to be communicated at all times by the piano/keyboard player. In terms of the music setting there are some indications in the score as to which hand plays which line of the music and the player needs to have a clear understanding of the division of labour between the two hands. Ornaments do not feature in the score but can be added at the performers discretion once a clear understanding of the options have been appreciated from listening and analysing recordings and performances. Close

Rondo in D minor Wq.61/4

A dramatic and spirited movement which whilst very different texturally to Beethoven’s music harmonically it does point in his direction. In charact Read More...

A dramatic and spirited movement which whilst very different texturally to Beethoven’s music harmonically it does point in his direction. In character the music is almost a conversational piece although formally it can be described as a rondo which is a piece with a recurring theme. The phrase structure is not particularly regular and there are several changes of mood in the various section although the main thematic motive is always clearly recognisable. The sheet music score has been prepared for the performance on the piano and only limited use of the sustaining pedal is suggested. For clarity the music editor suggests essentially the one ornament shape when performing the work which reflects current practice in the interpretation of music of this period. Too many different ornaments can be distracting both to the performer and listener alike. The opening ornaments are notated on ossia staves and the player should continue with the same shapes through the movement. The slight slowing down appropriate at the ends of the phrases are not marked in the score. There are recordings available of this work played on the modern piano, fortepiano and the harpsichord. C.P.E Bach was a prolific composer and an important transition figure in music history linking the baroque with the classical age in music history. He was very aware of contemporary practice and contributed much to developing style and form although at the same time he was able to remain surprisingly free spirited. C.P. Bach’s music is worthy of attention and for piano players there is a wealth of excellent music for the developing pianist. This work composed in 1786 and published in 1787 comes from period near the end of his life. Close

Allegretto con variazioni “Ah, vous dirai-je, maman”

J.C.F.Bach was the fourth and youngest composing son of J.S.Bach. Many songs in different languages have been based on this familiar French song know Read More...

J.C.F.Bach was the fourth and youngest composing son of J.S.Bach. Many songs in different languages have been based on this familiar French song known as "Ah! vous dirai-je, maman" including "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star" and "Baa, Baa, Black Sheep." These set of variations provide an excellent summary of keyboard technique available and used during the late baroque/ early classical period. The score has been prepared for performance on a modern piano. The pianist may want to add some sustaining pedal particularly in Variations 4, 8, 9 and 10 although pedal markings are not indicated in the score. The changing meters does add a complication as to how the bars of music are counted. Understand that each variation has its own tempo. When playing variations don’t think that all variations need to be played at the same tempo. The ornament used in this set of variations is an upper mordent comprising the note, the note above and then the note itself again. Most of the musical content is classical in spirit and the phrase structure is understandably symmetrical which makes it a good piece to memorise. The score also has some suggested fingering. The music editor suggests that when performing the variations it would good idea to choose a selection of the variations to play. Suggested performances patterns could be: Option 1 Theme + Var. 1 + Var. 2 + Var. 3 + Var. 4 + Var. 5 + Var. 9 and for Option 2 Theme + Var. 7 + Var. 8 + Var. 9 + Var. 10 + Var. 11 + Var. 12. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D

Cimarosa 1749-1801 was an Italian composer who belonged to the Neapolitan school and he is remembered particularly for his operas. His keyboard music Read More...

Cimarosa 1749-1801 was an Italian composer who belonged to the Neapolitan school and he is remembered particularly for his operas. His keyboard music was played on both the piano and the harpsichord whilst many pieces have been transcribed for the classical guitar. Most of his keyboard movements requires a lightness of keyboard touch - the realisation plays at 92 quarter (crotchet) beats to the minute. In the hands of a skilled player thoroughly conversant with keyboard style of the period there are opportunities to embellish the melody line and add additional ornaments. The music is full of charm and musical ideas offering the opportunity to develop staccato, staccatissimo and legato playing. The music editor suggests that generally on repeating notes changing the finger used on each note is the best option. Cimarosa’s keyboard music is well worth investigating although authentication of his work is a something yet to be confirmed. Understand that the keyboard sonatas attributed to Cimarosa are short one movement works and any groupings of works in the same key found on recordings are editorial. They are works with appeal and consistent in their quality. A plain score is appended to the edited music score. Close

Keyboard Sonata in A

Cimarosa 1749-1801 was an Italian composer who belonged to the Neapolitan school and he is remembered particularly for his operas. His keyboard music Read More...

Cimarosa 1749-1801 was an Italian composer who belonged to the Neapolitan school and he is remembered particularly for his operas. His keyboard music was played on both the piano and the harpsichord whilst many pieces have been transcribed for the classical guitar. This short movement requires a lightness of touch - the realisation plays at 86 quarter (crotchet) beats to the minute. This relatively short movement is music that is full of charm and musical ideas offering the opportunity to develop staccato, staccatissimo and legato playing. The music editor suggests that generally on repeating notes as found in the accompaniment changing the finger used on each note is the best option. However, the fingering patterns can be changed particularly with the running thirds in the last section of the composition. Secure fingering needs to be in place when performing the movement and the best advice or working principle is to avoid the use of the thumb on the black notes especially when playing thirds. Cimarosa’s keyboard music is well worth investigating although authentication of his work is a something yet to be confirmed. Understand that the keyboard sonatas attributed to Cimarosa are short one movement works and any groupings of works in the same key found on recordings are editorial. They are works with appeal and consistent in their quality. A plain score is appended to the edited music score. Close

Keyboard Sonata in C minor

Cimarosa 1749-1801 was an Italian composer who belonged to the Neapolitan school and he is remembered particularly for his operas. His keyboard music Read More...

Cimarosa 1749-1801 was an Italian composer who belonged to the Neapolitan school and he is remembered particularly for his operas. His keyboard music was played on both the piano and the harpsichord and many pieces have been transcribed for classical guitar. The score for the Sonata in C minor and the realisation is a straightforward “translation” of the score. The movement has poise defined very much by the choice of C minor as the key and the quite symmetrical rhythmic shapes and patterns. Many performances of this particularly movement are approached more as a “free translation” in that the figuration is interpreted decoratively and much ornamentally almost to the extent of becoming an improvisation although this was an aspect of continuo playing in the baroque period. Cimarosa’s keyboard music is well worth investigating although authentication of his work is a something yet to be confirmed. The music editor has made bar 11 a two beats to the bar measure. Understand that the keyboard sonatas attributed to Cimarosa are short one movement works and any groupings of works in the same key found on recordings are editorial. They are works with appeal and consistent in their quality. A plain score is appended to the edited music score. Close

Sicilienne arr. solo piano

A sicilienne is a slow tempo movement usually in a minor key with lilting rhythmic patterns and dotted notes enabling it to be described as a slow jig Read More...

A sicilienne is a slow tempo movement usually in a minor key with lilting rhythmic patterns and dotted notes enabling it to be described as a slow jig. This movement dates from 1893 and exists in several different forms and this is the composer’s own piano arrangement. Music such as this which has been transcribed from an arrangement to be played by a solo piano is a challenge to play because there is much detail that almost becomes hidden in the musical texture. When playing this piece on the piano it is particularly important to know where the melody is located. Fauré’s music possesses subtlety and as a composer he has a great awareness of instrument colour. Careful attention needs to be paid to the reading of accidentals as frequently different voices are sounding in what seem to be conflicting versions of a note. This is attributable to the modal element that it is a strong component of Fauré’s music. Apart from this, attention needs to be made to the reading of the notes and the score detail particularly in respect to knowing which notes are tied. The sustaining pedal is required although this has only been indicated in the opening bars of the score. The pianist has the choice of whether or not to spread the chords in bar 42 and 43. The realisation plays at a tempo of 52 dotted quarter notes to the minute – the music editor’s view is that many performances of the work are played too quickly. Close

First Movement Keyboard Sonata in A

This is a pianistic and surprisingly technically quite straight forward to play. The main challenge is playing at a consistent tempo in the loud secti Read More...

This is a pianistic and surprisingly technically quite straight forward to play. The main challenge is playing at a consistent tempo in the loud sections. The realisation is plays at 132 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute although it can be played faster! A very light pianistic touch is required particularly at the tempo that this piece requires. Staccatissimo markings (a very short staccato and an identifiable keyboard touch imitating a plucking action on the keys) have been used in the score together with staccato markings indicating that a short note is to be played. Some use of the sustaining pedal is suggested particularly when arpeggiated chords are played although this has not been indicated on the score. The closing section should be played at a steady two beats in the bar feel and needs to be understood as being a link to the second slow movement of the sonata. This piece is also excellent for developing rotation skills in the wrist and forearm. C.P.E.Bach's favourite keyboard instrument was the clavichord which is a very quiet sounding instrument and it is evident from his considerable output of music that he was a very hard working musician and composer. The ornaments, apart from the crushed notes or acciaccaturas have been written out in full to add clarity to the score whilst the repeats are not played in the realisation. The music editor suggests listening to performances of this movement played on different types of keyboard instruments. Close

Adagio from Keyboard Sonata in D

This is a piece possessing great melodic beauty and players should understand that the melody is the main musical focus in a performance. This is an A Read More...

This is a piece possessing great melodic beauty and players should understand that the melody is the main musical focus in a performance. This is an Adagio movement and pianists/keyboard players should avoid playing the movement too quickly. Sadly, much of this composer's music was lost when Napoleon invaded Venice in 1796 and for the music editor this composer has been a recent discovery. The trills begin on the note whilst the spread chord does not sound as a spread chord in the in the realisation. There are some rhythmic options when playing the melody given in ossia staves. Keyboard players have wish to add additional ornaments but do ensure that these do not detract from the beauty of the melody. Close

Scherzando from Piano Sonata No.49

The tempo indication Allegro con brio is possibly a bit on the strong side for this movement which has character and charm rather than vigour. Scherza Read More...

The tempo indication Allegro con brio is possibly a bit on the strong side for this movement which has character and charm rather than vigour. Scherzando is a direction to play in a playful manner whilst the realisation playback tempo is 110 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute with the repeats not played. The realisation is functional but understandably does lack the subtlety that is communicated in a performance. Ornaments and appoggiaturas are written out in the edited music score with trills beginning on the note and having a 5 note shape reflecting current performance practice. Composed in the late 1770's the work that reminds us that Haydn's did possess a sense of humour which is often evident on his music. Understand that there are several options available as far as "suggested" fingering is concerned but it is a work in which legato, staccato and staccatissimo touches can be explored in performance. The thumb is generally avoided on the black notes and there is an opportunity to explore changing the finger on a repeating note. A source score is appended to the sheet music score allowing the player some flexibility in their approach. In the repeats gifted and sensitive interpreters of Haydn's music add additional ornaments and figurations whilst possibly varying the dynamic and tempo but all keeping with the musical style. Close

Allegro in A

This work provides something of a puzzle because whilst it is attributed to W.F.Bach more than likely it was composed by someone else. Understand that Read More...

This work provides something of a puzzle because whilst it is attributed to W.F.Bach more than likely it was composed by someone else. Understand that the Bach family and their many pupils copied and shared much music and compositions were frequently credited to the wrong person. The realisation is played without repeats and the bar 33-36 link or transition does not always appear in all printed copies. It is a short piece that has unity, concise musical ideas and appeal both for the player and the listener. Score detail is in place for performance on a piano. A plain copy of the score is also appended to the edited music score. Close

Solfeggio in C minor

This piece has a misleading title because really it would be better described as a toccata. Keyboard players in the past particularly of small instrum Read More...

This piece has a misleading title because really it would be better described as a toccata. Keyboard players in the past particularly of small instruments like the clavichord were required to tune their instruments before playing them simply because instruments very quickly went out of tune. This is the origin of these "touch" or "tuning" pieces and C.P.E.Bach's Solfeggieto was composed very much in this style. Many of these touch pieces became in the hands of J.S.Bach and others very sophisticated compositions which were written down and described as toccatas. This is C.P.E. Bach's most familiar work and is an excellent piece for encouraging a light touch and dexterity in the fingers. There is a plain score appended to the edited score which the player can use if preferred. Close

First Movement from Keyboard Sonata in C (Illy No. 27)

Galuppi was an Italian composer very much associated with the city of Venice and in his life time was known particularly for his comic operas. He was Read More...

Galuppi was an Italian composer very much associated with the city of Venice and in his life time was known particularly for his comic operas. He was a fine keyboard player and as a composer is associated with the “style galant” movement which was an important artistic movement in the 19th century. As a result of Napoleon’s invasion of Venice in 1797 many of the composer’s manuscripts were lost. This piece that has charm and beauty reminiscent of a slow movement from a Mozart keyboard sonata. The ornaments comprise acciaccaturas (crushed notes) appoggiaturas (leaning notes) mordents and trills. The mordent is a simple note, note above, repeat of note device whilst the trills beginning on the note are longer and need to played so that the symmetry and shape of the music is maintained. There are some trills that start on the note above but these are indicated in the score. Understand that no two performers play the ornaments in the same way. A further complication is the same ornament may actually be played differently in a performance or recording and on the playing of the repeat sections additional ornaments can be added at the player’s discretion. The best advice is that if some of the ornaments are difficult to deliver leave them out but be consistent in your approach. The sheet music download comprises both a performance score and an appended realisation/recording score so as to enable players to understand how the ornaments are played. In time, when players have an understanding of the style of this music they may well want to revise and even expand on how the ornaments are played. The piano melody does have score detail relating to articulation. The tempo of the realisation is 50 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute and whilst the repeats are indicated in the scores they are not played in the recording. Pianists may wish to make use of the sustaining pedal although this also has not been indicated in the scores. Close

Serenade (Petite Suite) arr. intermediate piano

Borodin was clearly quite an exceptional person known as a doctor and chemist as well as being a member of the Russian group of composers known and po Read More...

Borodin was clearly quite an exceptional person known as a doctor and chemist as well as being a member of the Russian group of composers known and popularized as the “Mighty Handful.” His interest in music was essentially as a hobby but he was very well connected in Russian musical circles and his “Serenade” from the “Petite Suite” was published in 1896. The ostinato pattern that features in the work is an excellent unifying element in the composition and the strong melodic element in this miniature explores quite a melodic range. A tempo of 60 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is used in the realization. The music editor suggests use of the piano sustaining pedal although this has not been marked in the score. Pianists and keyboard players will need to spend time analysing the musical texture to understand which notes belong to which musical line of which there are three - melody, harmony and an ostinato accompaniment. This is a simplified version in the original key of B flat minor. Close

Serenade (Petite Suite) arr. intermediate piano

Borodin was clearly quite an exceptional person known as a doctor and chemist as well as being a member of the Russian group of composers known and po Read More...

Borodin was clearly quite an exceptional person known as a doctor and chemist as well as being a member of the Russian group of composers known and popularized as the “Mighty Handful.” His interest in music was essentially as a hobby but he was very well connected in Russian musical circles and his “Serenade” from the “Petite Suite” was published in 1896. The ostinato pattern that features in the work is an excellent unifying element in the composition and the strong melodic element in this miniature explores quite a melodic range. A tempo of 60 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is used in the realization. The music editor suggests use of the piano sustaining pedal although this has not been marked in the score. Pianists and keyboard players will need to spend time analysing the musical texture to understand which notes belong to which musical line of which there are three - melody, harmony and an ostinato accompaniment. This is a simplified versionin the key of B minor. Close

Plaisir d’amour arr. improver piano in F

This music originates as a classical French art song which has over the years has been arranged and performed in many different styles and contexts. A Read More...

This music originates as a classical French art song which has over the years has been arranged and performed in many different styles and contexts. A tempo of 45 dotted quarter notes to the the minute is used in the realisation although there a slight speeding up for the piu mosso section. The use of ornamentation is minimal and there are just two which appear in the final section. They are probably best left out during the early stages of learning the piece. The item has been prepared with the intention of it being played as a concert piece by someone in their second year of playing a musical instrument. This is an excellent piece of music to explore the possibilities of performing music slowly as it is easy for instrumentalists to play the melody too quickly. Close

Dedicatoria arr. viola & piano

A short but quite charming piece from the composer's Opus 1 collection. In this arrangement for viola accompanied by piano, the tempo of the realisati Read More...

A short but quite charming piece from the composer's Opus 1 collection. In this arrangement for viola accompanied by piano, the tempo of the realisation is 62 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute although there are some slowing downs and speedings up in the performance. As the piece is quite short only the full score copy is available as a download. The melody needs to be played in a legato singing style whilst the score needs to be studied so that the rhythmic intention of bars 9 and 11 is clearly understood by players. The melodic line in bars 10 and 12 needs to played as if as it is independent of the triplet figuration in the accompaniment. Understand that the music is conceived in three/sometimes four voices and dates from the late romantic period commonly referred to as the nationalist period in music history. Close

Keyboard Sonata in F minor K.519 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. The sonata needs to be played Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. The sonata needs to be played with a one in a bar feel. A tempo of 96 dotted quarter notes (crotchets) is used in the realisation. Ornaments need to have a clear rhythmic shape with the main ornament being the 4 note mordent beginning on the upper note. There is no consistency amongst performers in terms of when and how the ornaments are played in many of Scarlatti sonatas and the same is true of this one. The additional ornaments that features in the inner parts of bars 97, 101, 105, 108, 112 and 116 maybe omitted particularly when learning the sonata. It is probably best to avoid playing the repeats when learning this piece and many Scarlatti sonatas are in fact performed without all the repeats being played. Changing the finger used on a repeating note is a technique that can be applied in the left hand. A very light touch is required to play the movement at a tempo which allows the intensity of the music to come alive. There are times when the left hand is playing staccato and the right hand legato and other times when both hands are playing staccato. Whilst texturally quite straight forward this is a demanding sonata to play requiring a secure technique, control with the fingers close to the keys. Close

Keyboard Sonata in F minor K.481 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A tempo of 48 half notes (mini Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A tempo of 48 half notes (minim) beats to the minute is suggested. As a slow movement there are many interpretations as to how the ornaments are played and I would suggest that it would be worthwhile to spend some time listening to recordings of this sonata. Above all a consistent approach to the is required and when in doubt I would advise going for the simplest option. Please observe that only the first two notes of four note ornaments have the fingering notated. Remember that the trill and the mordent sign mean essentially the same - if the ornament is cadential then it is likely and possible to have more notes with the tr sign is used.There is also scope for the confident player to add aditional ornaments particularly in the playing of the repeats. There are other solutions to playing the ornaments but the ones suggested here keep very much to contemporary performance practice. Appoggiaturas (leaning notes) and acciaccaturas (crushed notes) in slow tempo works do presents a challenge as far as the interpretation and function. Music editors do tend to show evidence of an over understanding the interpretation of the ornaments. The best advice is to keep it simple, familiar and current - interpret the best of modern performance practice.The realisation is limited in respect to its interpretation of the score and the repeats are not played. Not too much use sustaining pedal is recommended and a rit. (slowing down) at the end of the two main sections is appropriate. The triplet motive introduced in bar 9 is indicated in the score for a couple of bars and then the symbol is omitted as is the case is conventional music setting. The music in this keyboard sonata possesses beauty and presence and the work should be played with delicacy and clarity. The interpretative qualities of a performance need to perhaps demonstrate more flexible than the realisation and limited use of the sustaining pedal is appropriate particularly at the end of sections. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D K.433 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A very appealing keyboard sona Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A very appealing keyboard sonata although there are not many recordings of this sonata available. Whilst the composers style is in evidence it is also a work in which a variety of moods are explored. A tempo of 96 half note (mimim) beats to the minute is suggested and used in the realisation. It is a sonata allowing the player to explore options in legato and staccato keyboard articulations. This takes place in the repeat sections. The edited score has articulation and dynamic markings clearly indicated. Interestingly there are interpretations in which the performers improvise around the shapes offering rhythmic variants and something more than just additional ornamentation. This features in the two repeat sections. Observation of how ornaments particularly at cadences are performed suggests that whilst there is a script there is a tendency for performers to become very individual and even extreme in their interpretations. Close

Keyboard Sonata in A K.208 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. The melody of this keyboard so Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. The melody of this keyboard sonata needs to be played with clarity and a lightness of touch with little use of the sustaining pedal at a secure and steady tempo. A tempo of 60 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is used in the realisation and the repeats are not played. A slow tempo requires a very concentrated approach but does allow much more freedom in terms of the number of notes that can be played in a trill. In a slow movement it is often easier to play more notes in a trill to keep a more balanced rhythmic shape. The left hand chord on beat 4 of bar 13 could be spread although this is not marked in the score. The scores presented by many publishers are actually quite inaccurate particularly in respect to the rhythmic detail at the approaches to the important cadence points. There is the option of considering different and additional ornaments in the repeat playing of the two sections. I would suggest listening to some of the many recordings available of this work to decide on how you might play this work. The music editor found that once the piece had been learnt and was played with discipline it became much easier to play the ornaments with the spontaneity and freedom needed that is needed. Attention needs to be paid to the accidentals. It is very easy to play a wrong note. Best advice the playing of an ornament ultimately comes down to personal preference based on knowledge/familiarity of the musical style and works of the composer. Accept the fact that you may well change your opinion on how an ornament is played based on a "gathering information" approach. Ornaments need to be played on a musical basis rather than an academic one where the latter may end up as simply being an interpretation of mis-understood rules. Performance practice adds a complication in that changing times quite often results in different approaches and interpretations. Close

Keyboard Sonata in A minor K.141 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A familiar AB binary movement Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A familiar AB binary movement described as a toccata which originally were touch pieces intended to be used to tune the instrument but in time they became formalised into movements aimed at developing keyboard technique. Each part of the AB form is further divided into contrasting sections which need to be exploited tonally in a performance. The realisation is played at a tempo of 88 dotted eighth notes (quaver) to the minute and the movement needs to be played with a sense of one to a bar. The sounds of the guitar are imitated in the rolling chords played by the left hand with intervals of the fourth (as a guitar is tuned) and the repeating notes (tremolo) played by the right hand. Whilst the repetitive element is strong the sonata is imbued with modal shifts and figurations imitating Spanish music. It is essential that the right hand fingers are close to the keys and that the left hand spread chords are played percussively. Some limited use of the sustaining pedal (quick quarter pedalling ) to give the left hand chords some extra resonance is recommended although no sustaining pedalling has been added in the realisation. It would be wise to listen to different performances of the sonata to understand the different approaches made by players particularly in respect to the weight applied from the hands and the range of articulations used in expressing the musical content. There is some suggested fingering in the edited music score and the sonata first needs to be practiced at slow speeds to ensure accuracy. The ornamentation is straight forward as is usually the case in fast tempo works one although there are choices in respect to the playing of appoggiaturas at the end of sections. The realisation a little rushed at the end of phrases and sections. In the hands of a gifted musician and artist with exceptional technique this can be an exhilerating and quite mesmerising piece. Close

Keyboard Sonata in B minor K.87 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A keyboard sonata of great mus Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A keyboard sonata of great musical beauty and intensity conceived in four parts or voices. Whilst some use of the sustaining pedal is needed pedalling markings have not been indicated in the score. This sonata is excellent for developing the playing technique where a finger is substituted for another one whilst the note is still sounding to obtain the best legato possible. (changing finger on a note technique) A tempo of 84 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. The second b in the tenor line in bar 1 is not sounded in many performances and in the realisation is represented by a silent note. When a part/voice is not sounding rests are not always written in the score and players need to be aware of this. It is sometimes very easy to have notes lasting than they should be. The combination of sampled sounds and the notation software enables a very consistent sound to be delivered in the realisation. At least there are no ornaments to worry about when playing this sonata! A sustained legato can be achieved with secure and appropriate fingering in place and it would be well worth while spending time pencilling in some options into the score. Always be prepared to edit and update the fingering choices whilst the sonata is being studied. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D minor K.32 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. This is a reflective keyboard Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. This is a reflective keyboard sonata played at a slow tempo and is described as an aria which is a word for song. Understandably the melody needs to be articulated as if it is being sung. The realisation does lack the flexibility of a performance and has the repeats played although it is only in the repeat section that the ornaments are sounded. I would suggest in the early stages of learning the piece that a player adopts a similar approach. Understand that the main ornament in the movement is a short trill of 4 short notes beginning on the upper note. The trill symbol has been used at the two main cadential points giving the player scope to increase the number of notes although the trill still begins on the upper note. As a piece with a slow tempo it invites some reinvention in terms of the ornamentation and it would be well worth listening to some of the available recordings to understand how to approach this aspect of a performance. It is a sonata with scope for a performer to improvise. No pedalling has been written into the score although some use of it is recommended. Many performers spread some of the chords in the left hand to imitate the strumming sound a guitar. This choice of playing the chords in this way is left to the discretion of the player. Close

Keyboard Sonata in B minor K.27 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A very pianistic keyboard sona Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A very pianistic keyboard sonata providing excellent opportunities for developing left hand over right hand playing technique. The work has a largely two part texture after short four part passages at the opening of the two sections. A tempo of 110 quarter note (crotchet beats) to the minutes is suggested - it is important that the chosen tempo enables the harmonic direction to be communicated. Fingers need to be kept close to the keys and little use of the sustaining pedal is advised whilst a legato playing approach is needed. There is a also more scope for developing the dynamic range than is presented in the realisation. The first page of edited music score does unfortunately look rather busy.At bar 29 note stems up are played by the right hand and note stems pointing downwards by the left hand. In a performance it it important to give shape to the motives. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D minor K.9 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A very beautiful and appealing Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has has some score detail to assist players in their performance and practice. A very beautiful and appealing movement to play and one of Domenico Scarlatti's most popular keyboard sonatas. A tempo of 80 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested.A consistent approach in terms of tempo is recommended with possibly a slight slowing down at the approach to the cadences of the two main sections. The ornaments are realised symmetrically in the realisation without the subtlety of a performance where a piano/keyboard/harpsichord player might speed up, slow down or even hesitate during the delivery of a trill. A simple and consistent approach to the playing of ornaments is advised particularly in the early stages of learning and internalising the piece. Whilst in some ways this music has some romantic sounding features remember that it is music from the baroque era and should be approached accordingly. A successful performance of this sonata requires both control and delicacy. Tempo is a performance element that in many historical recordings is approached with a combination of indulgence and inconsistency. In bar 37 and bar 38 the ornaments are best played as acciaccatura. (crushed notes). Playing Tip: If in doubt about an ornament miss it out! Close

Keyboard Sonata in Bb K.545 (Performance)

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A tempo of 120 half not Read More...

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A tempo of 120 half note (minim beats) to the minute is recommended for playing this movement. Imitatative counterpoint is a stong feature and a lightness of touch is required in the playing approach dictated essentially by the fast tempo. The music lines are rhythmically quite intricate and there is an additional challenge in achieving a satisfactory dynamic balance between the two hands. Some use of the sustaining is suggested at bar 10 and additionally when there are long bass notes although no pedal markings are indicated in the score. The playing of a rit. (slowing down) at the end of the end of the two sections does not seem appropriate in a performance. The modal shifts that feature in the melody line and the rhythmic detail suggests a close relationship and references to the music of Spain. A challenging sonata to play. The challenge in playing this keyboard sonata is to articulate clearly every note clearly at the suggested tempo. Close

Keyboard Sonata in G K.427 (Performance)

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. Look at the piece as th Read More...

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. Look at the piece as the musical equivalent of going to the gym and perhaps play it as the last part of a warm up.Whilst the sonata should be played as fast as possible don't try and play it quickly until you can play it slowly! An even tempo is required and is an essential test of any performance. Whilst this is an excellent piece to encourage fast playing secure right and left hand fingering will need to be in place and have to be perfect! The realisation is 120 quarter note beats to the minute and use of the sustaining pedal is recommended although it is not marked on the score. I would suggest anyone who can the sonata accurately at a tempo of 132 has genuine potential as a performer. The musical material is in itself not difficult: the challenge is simply playing the piece at a tempo that allows the content to come alive. There are some excellent perfomances of this sonata to explore at different tempi. As far as the the music setting is concerned, there are some different options as far as grouping and beaming of the notes. Close

Keyboard Sonata in E K.380 (Performance)

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. One of the most popular Read More...

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. One of the most popular of all Scarlatti's keyboard sonatas requiring particular attention to the rhythmic detail especially the dotted notes. A tempo of 96 quarter note or crotchet beats to the minute is suggested whilst the realisation is played at a tempo of 92 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute. A lightness of touch is essential even in the loud sections and there is scope for players to explore different keyboard touches, legato, staccato and staccatissimo, in arriving at their own interpretation. Remember that the piece originates as a harpsichord piece so it is important to avoid a too heavy handed approach. The playing of trills especially at cadences at the end of the main sections is a subject in itself - the best advice is to play them rhythmically and consistently. Keep them symetrical and rhythmic and play 4 or 8 note patterns. The characteristic open sounding chords arise because the third is often missing while use of sustaining pedal is recommended. This is an excellent piece to develop the performance aspect of an individual's music making in that it is a movement that one can never tire of playing. In setting the music there are different approaches and options that can be made to beaming, the positioning of the treble and bass clefs and the sharing of notes between the hands. This particular sonata is often played on the guitar and the imitation of the strumming of a guitar is something referenced in t patterns of the keyboard movement. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D K.178 (Performance)

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A tempo of 84 dotted qu Read More...

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A tempo of 84 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended and is also used in the realisation. There is opportunity for both staccato and legato playing in what is a relatively short and easy keyboard sonata which is also often played on the guitar. The ornamentation comprises a short 4 note trill with a variant on featuring at the cadences at the close of the A & B sections. The repeat is not played in the realisation. The concise movement features imitative counterpoint. The performance score has suggested fingering notated above and below the notes although the the music editor is keen to hear where fingering is best placed above and below the notes in the treble and bass clefs or actually by the side of the note in the respected staves? Close

Keyboard Sonata in E K.162 (Performance)

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A sonata of contrasting Read More...

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A sonata of contrasting sections and contrasting tempi. It is a binary form sonata (AB) but each of the main sections is divided into sections of contrasting tempo and different musical content. The A section of the sonata opens with a melodic sixteen bars that features imitative counterpoint and a triplet figuration which is a strong feature of the movement as a whole. This is succeeded by a slightly faster section again quite melodic before in turn being followed by 12 bars of fast moving two part part counterpoint. The B section opens with a 20 bars of music in the same tempo which introduces some musical development anticipating some of the features found in theis part of the classical sonata. The shape of the music then returns to the character and format of the opening of the sonata closing with a fast two part section mirroring the closing of the A section. The B section as a whole is longer than the A section so the work does not have the symmetry of many of the keyboard sonatas but it does show the composer expanding or at least experimenting with the formal patterns of his music. A light keyboard touch is required and the sustaining pedal should be used at the ends of the main sections. Right and left hand fingering needs to be secure particularly in the fast sections. Close

Keyboard Sonata in C K.159 (Performance)

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. There are several Scarl Read More...

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. There are several Scarlatti keyboard sonatas in which the familiar hunting call motif is heard as in the opening bar of this sonata. The movement needs to be played with a very light touch to ensure that the suggested tempo of 104 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is maintained. In this concentrated and intense movement the repeats are not played in the realisation and the editor suggests that the repeats are only played when the sonata can be played comfortably. The ornamentation in the sonata is fairly straightforward as it tends to be in faster movements with acciaccautas (crushed notes) and the four note short trill beginning on the upper note featured. However, some attention needs to be given to the choice of accidentals played in the ornamentats. Bar 41 is notated using triplets for clarity. A light staccatissimo touch is needed for some of the sections and in the performance score these are all indicated by an appropriate symbol. Close

Keyboard Sonata in B minor K.27 (Performance)

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A very pianistic keyboa Read More...

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A very pianistic keyboard sonata providing excellent opportunities for developing left hand over right hand playing technique. The work has a largely two part texture after short four part passages at the opening of the two sections. A tempo of 110 quarter note (crotchet beats) to the minutes is suggested - it is important that the chosen tempo enables the harmonic direction to be communicated. Fingers need to be kept close to the keys and little use of the sustaining pedal is advised whilst a legato playing approach is needed. There is a also more scope for developing the dynamic range than is presented in the realisation. The first page of edited music score does unfortunately look rather busy. At bar 29 note stems up are played by the right hand and note stems pointing downwards by the left hand. In a performance it it important to give shape to the motives. Close

Keyboard Sonata in C minor K.11 (Performance)

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A keyboard sonata that Read More...

This performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. A keyboard sonata that needs to be played with delicacy and both a lightness and clarity of touch. A tempo of 76 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended - the sonata should not be played too quickly as it loses its intimacy. Legato playing is required and the performance score has detailed suggested right and left hand fingering. The crossing of hands is also a feature requiring attention to the balance of the dynamics. The bar 20 trill has two options written in the score as to how it can be played. Whilst slowing down at the end of the main sections is appropriate this should not be exaggerated or start too soon. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D minor K.9 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It's simply a WYSIWYH (what Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It's simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. A very beautiful and appealing movement to play and one of Domenico Scarlatti's most popular keyboard sonatas. A tempo of 80 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. A consistent approach in terms of tempo is recommended with possibly a slight slowing down at the approach to the cadences of the two main sections. The ornaments are realised symmetrically in the realisation without the subtlety of a performance where a piano/keyboard/harpsichord player might speed up, slow down or even hesitate during the delivery of a trill. A simple and consistent approach to the playing of ornaments is advised particularly in the early stages of learning and internalising the piece. Whilst in some ways this music has some romantic sounding features remember that it is music from the baroque era and should be approached accordingly. A successful performance of this sonata requires both control and delicacy. Tempo is a performance element that in many historical recordings is approached with a combination of indulgence and inconsistency. In bar 37 and bar 38 the ornaments are best played as acciaccatura. (crushed notes). Playing Tip: If in doubt about an ornament miss it out! Close

Keyboard Sonata in C minor K.11 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It's simply a WYSIWYH (what Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It's simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. A keyboard sonata that needs to be played with delicacy and both a lightness and clarity of touch. A tempo of 76 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended - the sonata should not be played too quickly as it loses its intimacy. Legato playing is required and the performance score has detailed suggested right and left hand fingering. The crossing of hands is also a feature requiring attention to the balance of the dynamics. The bar 20 trill has two options written in the score as to how it can be played. Whilst slowing down at the end of the main sections is appropriate this should not be exaggerated or start too soon. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D minor K.32 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWY Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. This is a reflective keyboard sonata played at a slow tempo and is described as an aria which is a word for song. Understandably the melody needs to be articulated as if it is being sung. The realisation does lack the flexibility of a performance and has the repeats played although it is only in the repeat section that the ornaments are sounded. I would suggest in the early stages of learning the piece that a player adopts a similar approach. Understand that the main ornament in the movement is a short trill of 4 short notes beginning on the upper note. The trill symbol has been used at the two main cadential points giving the player scope to increase the number of notes although the trill still begins on the upper note. As a piece with a slow tempo it invites some reinvention in terms of the ornamentation and it would be well worth listening to some of the available recordings to understand how to approach this aspect of a performance. It is a sonata with scope for a performer to improvise. No pedalling has been written into the score although some use of it is recommended. Many performers spread some of the chords in the left hand to imitate the strumming sound a guitar. This choice of playing the chords iin this way is left to the discretion of the player. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D K.178 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWY Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. A tempo of 84 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended and is also used in the realisation.There is opportunity for both staccato and legato playing in what is a relatively short and easy keyboard sonata which is also often played on the guitar. The ornamentation comprises a short 4 note trill with a variant on featuring at the cadences at the close of the A & B sections. The repeat is not played in the realisation. The concise movement features imitative counterpoint. The performance score has suggested fingering notated above and below the notes although the the music editor is keen to hear where fingering is best placed – above and below the notes in the treble and bass clefs or actually by the side of the note in the respected staves? Close

Keyboard Sonata in A K.208 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It's simply a WYSIWYH (what Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It's simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. The melody of this keyboard sonata needs to be played with clarity and a lightness of touch with little use of the sustaining pedal at a secure and steady tempo. A tempo of 60 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is used in the realisation and the repeats are not played. A slow tempo requires a very concentrated approach but does allow much more freedom in terms of the number of notes that can be played in a trill. In a slow movement it is often easier to play more notes in a trill to keep a more balanced rhythmic shape. The left hand chord on beat 4 of bar 13 could be spread although this is not marked in the score. The scores presented by many publishers are actually quite inaccurate particularly in respect to the rhythmic detail at the approaches to the important cadence points. There is the option of considering different and additional ornaments in the repeat playing of the two sections. I would suggest listening to some of the many recordings available of this work to decide on how you might play this work. The music editor found that once the piece had been learnt and was played with discipline it became much easier to play the ornaments with the spontaneity and freedom needed that is needed. Attention needs to be paid to the accidentals. It is very easy to play a wrong note. Best advice the playing of an ornament ultimately comes down to personal preference based on knowledge/familiarity of the musical style and works of the composer. Accept the fact that you may well change your opinion on how an ornament is played based on a “gathering information” approach. Ornaments need to be played on a musical basis rather than an academic one where the latter may end up as simply being an interpretation of mis-understood rules. Performance practice adds a complication in that changing times quite often results in different approaches and interpretations. Close

Keyboard Sonata in A K.322 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It's simply a WYSIWYH (what Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It's simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. One of Scarlatti's easier keyboard sonatas but nevertheless one that offers plenty of musical and interpretative challenges to the player. It is essentially a two part movement. A tempo of 90 half note beats to the minute is used in the realisation with the repeats not being played. This music needs to be played rhythmically with energy and little use of the sustaining pedal although it can be used in the closing bars of the A and B sections. This is an excellent movement for developing a skill set in terms of being able to articulate the playing of a melody line with a range of articulations - legato, staccato, tenuto etc. Whilst many performers rit. (slow down) at the end of the A and B sections even though they are then repeated the music editor doesn't recommend this . This sonata like many other Scarlatti works is excellent for developing interpretative skills and performance experience. Varying and adding to the ornamentation in the repeats is an option. Many very competent pianists play this relatively easy sonata and some performers add quite a deal of additional music to the to the texture which is not always in keeping with the style and simplicity of the piece. Nevertheless, it does educate modern players in being aware that in Scarlatti's time improvisation was a relevant aspect of performance practice. Close

Keyboard Sonata in E K.380 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWY Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. One of the most popular of all Scarlatti’s keyboard sonatas requiring particular attention to the rhythmic detail especially the dotted notes. A tempo of 96 quarter note or crotchet beats to the minute is suggested whilst the realisation is played at a tempo of 92 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute. A lightness of touch is essential even in the loud sections and there is scope for players to explore different keyboard touches, legato, staccato and staccatissimo, in arriving at their own interpretation. Remember that the piece originates as a harpsichord piece so it is important to avoid a too heavy handed approach. The playing of trills especially at cadences at the end of the main sections is a subject in itself - the best advice is to play them rhythmically and consistently. Keep them symetrical and rhythmic and play 4 or 8 note patterns. The characteristic open sounding chords arise because the third is often missing while use of sustaining pedal is recommended. This is an excellent piece to develop the performance aspect of an individual’s music making in that it is a movement that one can never tire of playing. In setting the music there are different approaches and options that can be made to beaming, the positioning of the treble and bass clefs and the sharing of notes between the hands. This particular sonata is often played on the guitar and the imitation of the strumming of a guitar is something referenced in the patterns of the keyboard writing. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D K.443 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWY Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. A tempo of 48 half notes (minim) beats to the minute is suggested. As a slow movement there are many interpretations as to how the ornaments are played and I would suggest that it would be worthwhile to spend some time listening to recordings of this sonata. Above all a consistent approach to the is required and when in doubt I would advise going for the simplest option. Please observe that only the first two notes of four note ornaments have the fingering notated. Remember that the trill and the mordent sign mean essentially the same – if the ornament is cadential then it is likely and possible to have more notes with the tr sign is used.There is also scope for the confident player to add aditional ornaments particularly in the playing of the repeats. There are other solutions to playing the ornaments but the ones suggested here keep very much to contemporary performance practice. Appoggiaturas (leaning notes) and acciaccaturas (crushed notes) in slow tempo works do presents a challenge as far as the interpretation and function. Music editors do tend to show evidence of an “over” understanding the interpretation of the ornaments. The best advice is to keep it simple, familiar and current – interpret the best of modern performance practice.The realisation is limited in respect to its interpretation of the score and the repeats are not played. Not too much use sustaining pedal is recommended and a rit. (slowing down) at the end of the two main sections is appropriate. The triplet motive introduced in bar 9 is indicated in the score for a couple of bars and then the symbol is omitted as is the case is conventional music setting. The music in this keyboard sonata possesses beauty and presence and the work should be played with delicacy and clarity. The interpretative qualities of a performance need to perhaps demonstrate more flexible than the realisation and limited use of the sustaining pedal is appropriate particularly at the end of sections. Close

Keyboard Sonata in F min K.481 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWY Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. A tempo of 48 half notes (minim) beats to the minute is suggested. As a slow movement there are many interpretations as to how the ornaments are played and I would suggest that it would be worthwhile to spend some time listening to recordings of this sonata. Above all a consistent approach to the is required and when in doubt I would advise going for the simplest option. Please observe that only the first two notes of four note ornaments have the fingering notated. Remember that the trill and the mordent sign mean essentially the same – if the ornament is cadential then it is likely and possible to have more notes with the tr sign is used.There is also scope for the confident player to add aditional ornaments particularly in the playing of the repeats. There are other solutions to playing the ornaments but the ones suggested here keep very much to contemporary performance practice. Appoggiaturas (leaning notes) and acciaccaturas (crushed notes) in slow tempo works do presents a challenge as far as the interpretation and function. Music editors do tend to show evidence of an “over” understanding the interpretation of the ornaments. The best advice is to keep it simple, familiar and current – interpret the best of modern performance practice.The realisation is limited in respect to its interpretation of the score and the repeats are not played. Not too much use sustaining pedal is recommended and a rit. (slowing down) at the end of the two main sections is appropriate. The triplet motive introduced in bar 9 is indicated in the score for a couple of bars and then the symbol is omitted as is the case is conventional music setting. The music in this keyboard sonata possesses beauty and presence and the work should be played with delicacy and clarity. The interpretative qualities of a performance need to perhaps demonstrate more flexible than the realisation and limited use of the sustaining pedal is appropriate particularly at the end of sections. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D K.491 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWY Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. This is a rather grand movement featuring strong rhythmic shapes that need to be delivered with clarity of intention and octaves in the left hand. A tempo of 96 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. In the performance score 64th notes (hemidemisemiquaver) have been used in the notation of the opening and other “quickly played” ornaments to give them more rhythmic shape. The opening ornament is not always played as shown in the performance score. The appoggiaturas as in bar 19 need to be played quickly whilst the ornaments in bar 20 and 21 can be played either as acciaccaturas or appoggiaturas but not a combination of both. The long trill could possibly be longer – another beat perhaps? In the early stages of learning this sonata the music editor suggests missing out the ornaments. Attention needs to be paid to the rhythmic detail and a successful performance requires the tonal contrasts of the phrases and sections of to be exploited. Many performers also experiment with the octave ranges of the piano when performing this sonata. The spacial aspect of the musical content is also something that can be explored both in relationship to the musical ideas between the two hands and also in relation to the chararacterististics of the acoustic in which the sonata is being performed. Tip: Performance scores are on the busy side – in fact they have much too much information – that distracts from the music – however they are a necessary and useful evil - discard them as soon as you are able and use a plain score. Close

Keyboard Sonata in F minor K.519 (Realisation)

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWY Read More...

The realisation score has the score detail included with the ornaments written out as they are sounded in the realisation. It’s simply a WYSIWYH (what you see is what you hear) version often in a reduced format. The sonata needs to be played with a one in a bar feel. A tempo of 96 dotted quarter notes (crotchets) is used in the realisation. Ornaments need to have a clear rhythmic shape with the main ornament being the 4 note mordent beginning on the upper note. There is no consistency amongst performers in terms of when and how the ornaments are played in many of Scarlatti sonatas and the same is true of this one. The additional ornaments that features in the inner parts of bars 97, 101, 105, 108, 112 and 116 maybe omitted particularly when learning the sonata. It is probably best to avoid playing the repeats when learning this piece and many Scarlatti sonatas are in fact performed without all the repeats being played. Changing the finger used on a repeating note is a technique that can be applied in the left hand. A very light touch is required to play the movement at a tempo which allows the intensity of the music to come alive. There are times when the left hand is playing staccato and the right hand legato and other times when both hands are playing staccato. Whilst texturally quite straight forward this is a demanding sonata to play requiring a secure technique, control with the fingers close to the keys. Close

Keyboard Sonata in A K.208

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. The melody of th Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. The melody of this keyboard sonata needs to be played with clarity and a lightness of touch with little use of the sustaining pedal at a secure and steady tempo. A tempo of 60 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is used in the realisation and the repeats are not played. A slow tempo requires a very concentrated approach but does allow much more freedom in terms of the number of notes that can be played in a trill. In a slow movement it is often easier to play more notes in a trill to keep a more balanced rhythmic shape. The left hand chord on beat 4 of bar 13 could be spread although this is not marked in the score. The scores presented by many publishers are actually quite inaccurate particularly in respect to the rhythmic detail at the approaches to the important cadence points. There is the option of considering different and additional ornaments in the repeat playing of the two sections. I would suggest listening to some of the many recordings available of this work to decide on how you might play this work. The music editor found that once the piece had been learnt and was played with discipline it became much easier to play the ornaments with the spontaneity and freedom needed that is needed. Attention needs to be paid to the accidentals. It is very easy to play a wrong note. Best advice the playing of an ornament ultimately comes down to personal preference based on knowledge/familiarity of the musical style and works of the composer. Accept the fact that you may well change your opinion on how an ornament is played based on a "gathering information" approach. Ornaments need to be played on a musical basis rather than an academic one where the latter may end up as simply being an interpretation of mis-understood rules. Performance practice adds a complication in that changing times quite often results in different approaches and interpretations. Close

Keyboard Sonata in Bb K.545

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A tempo of 120 h Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A tempo of 120 half note (minim beats) to the minute is recommended for playing this movement. Imitatative counterpoint is a stong feature and a lightness of touch is required in the playing approach dictated essentially by the fast tempo. The music lines are rhythmically quite intricate and there is an additional challenge in achieving a satisfactory dynamic balance between the two hands. Some use of the sustaining is suggested at bar 10 and additionally when there are long bass notes although no pedal markings are indicated in the score. The playing of a rit. (slowing down) at the end of the end of the two sections does not seem appropriate in a performance. The modal shifts that feature in the melody line and the rhythmic detail suggests a close relationship and references to the music of Spain. A challenging sonata to play. The challenge in playing this keyboard sonata is to articulate clearly every note clearly at the suggested tempo. Close

Keyboard Sonata in F minor K.519

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. The sonata needs Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. The sonata needs to be played with a one in a bar feel. A tempo of 96 dotted quarter notes (crotchets) is used in the realisation. Ornaments need to have a clear rhythmic shape with the main ornament being the 4 note mordent beginning on the upper note. There is no consistency amongst performers in terms of when and how the ornaments are played in many of Scarlatti sonatas and the same is true of this one. The additional ornaments that features in the inner parts of bars 97, 101, 105, 108, 112 and 116 maybe omitted particularly when learning the sonata. It is probably best to avoid playing the repeats when learning this piece and many Scarlatti sonatas are in fact performed without all the repeats being played. Changing the finger used on a repeating note is a technique that can be applied in the left hand. A very light touch is required to play the movement at a tempo which allows the intensity of the music to come alive. There are times when the left hand is playing staccato and the right hand legato and other times when both hands are playing staccato. Whilst texturally quite straight forward this is a demanding sonata to play requiring a secure technique, control with the fingers close to the keys. Close

Keyboard Sonata in F minor K.481

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A tempo of 48 ha Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A tempo of 48 half notes (minim) beats to the minute is suggested. As a slow movement there are many interpretations as to how the ornaments are played and I would suggest that it would be worthwhile to spend some time listening to recordings of this sonata. Above all a consistent approach to the is required and when in doubt I would advise going for the simplest option. Please observe that only the first two notes of four note ornaments have the fingering notated. Remember that the trill and the mordent sign mean essentially the same – if the ornament is cadential then it is likely and possible to have more notes with the tr sign is used.There is also scope for the confident player to add aditional ornaments particularly in the playing of the repeats. There are other solutions to playing the ornaments but the ones suggested here keep very much to contemporary performance practice. Appoggiaturas (leaning notes) and acciaccaturas (crushed notes) in slow tempo works do presents a challenge as far as the interpretation and function. Music editors do tend to show evidence of an “over” understanding the interpretation of the ornaments. The best advice is to keep it simple, familiar and current – interpret the best of modern performance practice.The realisation is limited in respect to its interpretation of the score and the repeats are not played. Not too much use sustaining pedal is recommended and a rit. (slowing down) at the end of the two main sections is appropriate. The triplet motive introduced in bar 9 is indicated in the score for a couple of bars and then the symbol is omitted as is the case is conventional music setting. The music in this keyboard sonata possesses beauty and presence and the work should be played with delicacy and clarity. The interpretative qualities of a performance need to perhaps demonstrate more flexible than the realisation and limited use of the sustaining pedal is appropriate particularly at the end of sections. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D K.443

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A very appealing Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A very appealing keyboard sonata although there are not many recordings of this sonata available. Whilst the composers style is in evidence it is also a work in which a variety of moods are explored. A tempo of 96 half note (mimim) beats to the minute is suggested and used in the realisation. It is a sonata allowing the player to explore options in legato and staccato keyboard articulations. This takes place in the repeat sections. The edited score has articulation and dynamic markings clearly indicated. Interestingly there are interpretations in which the performers improvise around the shapes offering rhythmic variants and something more than just additional ornamentation. This features in the two repeat sections. Observation In the ornamentation – particularly at cadences there is a script but there is a tendency for performers to become very individual and possibly rather extreme! Close

Keyboard Sonata in G K.427

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. Look at the piec Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. Look at the piece as the musical equivalent of going to the gym and perhaps play it as the last part of a warm up. Whilst the sonata should be played as fast as possible don't try and play it quickly until you can play it slowly! An even tempo is required and is an essential test of any performance. Whilst this is an excellent piece to encourage fast playing secure right and left hand fingering will need to be in place and have to be perfect! The realisation is 120 quarter note beats to the minute and use of the sustaining pedal is recommended although it is not marked on the score. I would suggest anyone who can the sonata accurately at a tempo of 132 has genuine potential as a performer. The musical material is in itself not difficult: the challenge is simply playing the piece at a tempo that allows the content to come alive. There are some excellent perfomances of this sonata to explore at different tempi. As far as the the music setting is concerned, there are some different options as far as grouping and beaming of the notes. Close

Keyboard Sonata in E K.380

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. One of the most Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. One of the most popular of all Scarlatti’s keyboard sonatas requiring particular attention to the rhythmic detail especially the dotted notes. A tempo of 96 quarter note or crotchet beats to the minute is suggested whilst the realisation is played at a tempo of 92 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute. A lightness of touch is essential even in the loud sections and there is scope for players to explore different keyboard touches, legato, staccato and staccatissimo, in arriving at their own interpretation. Remember that the piece originates as a harpsichord piece so it is important to avoid a too heavy handed approach. The playing of trills especially at cadences at the end of the main sections is a subject in itself - the best advice is to play them rhythmically and consistently. Keep them symetrical and rhythmic and play 4 or 8 note patterns. The characteristic open sounding chords arise because the third is often missing while use of sustaining pedal is recommended. This is an excellent piece to develop the performance aspect of an individual’s music making in that it is a movement that one can never tire of playing. In setting the music there are different approaches and options that can be made to beaming, the positioning of the treble and bass clefs and the sharing of notes between the hands. This particular sonata is often played on the guitar and the imitation of the strumming of a guitar is something referenced in the patterns of the keyboard writing.. Close

Keyboard Sonata in A K.322

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. One of Scarlatti Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. One of Scarlatti's easier keyboard sonatas but nevertheless one that offers plenty of musical and interpretative challenges to the player. It is essentially a two part movement. A tempo of 90 half note beats to the minute is used in the realisation with the repeats not being played. This music needs to be played rhythmically with energy and little use of the sustaining pedal although it can be used in the closing bars of the A and B sections. This is an excellent movement for developing a skill set in terms of being able to articulate the playing of a melody line with a range of articulations - legato, staccato, tenuto etc. Whilst many performers rit. (slow down) at the end of the A and B sections even though they are then repeated the music editor doesn't recommend this . This sonata like many other Scarlatti works is excellent for developing interpretative skills and performance experience. Varying and adding to the ornamentation in the repeats is an option. Many very competent pianists play this relatively easy sonata and some performers add quite a deal of additional music to the to the texture which is not always in keeping with the style and simplicity of the piece. Nevertheless, it does educate modern players in being aware that in Scarlatti's time improvisation was a relevant aspect of performance practice. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D K.178

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A tempo of 84 do Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A tempo of 84 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended and is also used in the realisation.There is opportunity for both staccato and legato playing in what is a relatively short and easy keyboard sonata which is also often played on the guitar. The ornamentation comprises a short 4 note trill with a variant on featuring at the cadences at the close of the A & B sections. The repeat is not played in the realisation. The concise movement features imitative counterpoint. The performance score has suggested fingering notated above and below the notes although the the music editor is keen to hear where fingering is best placed – above and below the notes in the treble and bass clefs or actually by the side of the note in the respected staves? Close

Keyboard Sonata in E K.162

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A sonata of cont Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A sonata of contrasting sections and contrasting tempi. It is a binary form sonata (AB) but each of the main sections is divided into sections of contrasting tempo and different musical content. The A section of the sonata opens with a melodic sixteen bars that features imitative counterpoint and a triplet figuration which is a strong feature of the movement as a whole. This is succeeded by a slightly faster section again quite melodic before in turn being followed by 12 bars of fast moving two part part counterpoint. The B section opens with a 20 bars of music in the same tempo which introduces some musical development anticipating some of the features found in theis part of the classical sonata. The shape of the music then returns to the character and format of the opening of the sonata closing with a fast two part section mirroring the closing of the A section. The B section as a whole is longer than the A section so the work does not have the symmetry of many of the keyboard sonatas but it does show the composer expanding or at least experimenting with the formal patterns of his music. A light keyboard touch is required and the sustaining pedal should be used at the ends of the main sections. Right and left hand fingering needs to be secure particularly in the fast sections. Close

Keyboard Sonata in C K.159

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. There are severa Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. There are several Scarlatti keyboard sonatas in which the familiar hunting call motif is heard as in the opening bar of this sonata. The movement needs to be played with a very light touch to ensure that the suggested tempo of 104 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is maintained. In this concentrated and intense movement the repeats are not played in the realisation and the editor suggests that the repeats are only played when the sonata can be played comfortably. The ornamentation in the sonata is fairly straightforward as it tends to be in faster movements with acciaccautas (crushed notes) and the four note short trill beginning on the upper note featured. However, some attention needs to be given to the choice of accidentals played in the ornamentats. Bar 41 is notated using triplets for clarity. A light staccatissimo touch is needed for some of the sections and in the performance score these are all indicated by an appropriate symbol. Close

Keyboard Sonata in A minor K.141

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A familiar AB bi Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A familiar AB binary movement described as a toccata which originally were “touch pieces” intended to be used to tune the instrument but in time they became formalised into movements aimed at developing keyboard technique. Each part of the AB form is further divided into contrasting sections which need to be exploited tonally in a performance. The realisation is played at a tempo of 88 dotted eighth notes (quaver) to the minute and the movement needs to be played with a sense of one to a bar. The sounds of the guitar are imitated in the rolling chords played by the left hand with intervals of the fourth (as a guitar is tuned) and the repeating notes (tremolo) played by the right hand. Whilst the repetitive element is strong the sonata is imbued with modal shifts and figurations imitating Spanish music. It is essential that the right hand fingers are close to the keys and that the left hand spread chords are played percussively. Some limited use of the sustaining pedal (quick quarter pedalling ) to give the left hand chords some extra resonance is recommended although no sustaining pedalling has been added in the realisation. It would be wise to listen to different performances of the sonata to understand the different approaches made by players particularly in respect to the weight applied from the hands and the range of articulations used in expressing the musical content. There is some suggested fingering in the edited music score and the sonata first needs to be practiced at slow speeds to ensure accuracy. The ornamentation is straight forward as is usually the case in fast tempo works one although there are choices in respect to the playing of appoggiaturas at the end of sections. The realisation a little rushed at the end of phrases and sections. In the hands of a gifted musician and artist with exceptional technique this can be an exhilerating and quite mesmerising piece. Close

Keyboard Sonata in B minor K.87

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A keyboard sonat Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A keyboard sonata of great musical beauty and intensity conceived in four parts or voices. Whilst some use of the sustaining pedal is needed pedalling markings have not been indicated in the score. This sonata is excellent for developing the playing technique where a finger is substituted for another one whilst the note is still sounding to obtain the best legato possible. (changing finger on a note technique) A tempo of 84 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. The second b in the tenor line in bar 1 is not sounded in many performances and in the realisation is represented by a silent note. When a part/voice is not sounding rests are not always written in the score and players need to be aware of this. It is sometimes very easy to have notes lasting than they should be. The combination of sampled sounds and the notation software enables a very consistent sound to be delivered in the realisation. At least there are no ornaments to worry about when playing this sonata! A sustained legato can be achieved with secure and appropriate fingering in place and it would be well worth while spending time pencilling in some options into the score. Always be prepared to edit and update the fingering choices whilst the sonata is being studied. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D minor K.32

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. This is a reflec Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. This is a reflective keyboard sonata played at a slow tempo and is described as an aria which is a word for song. Understandably the melody needs to be articulated as if it is being sung. The realisation does lack the flexibility of a performance and has the repeats played although it is only in the repeat section that the ornaments are sounded. I would suggest in the early stages of learning the piece that a player adopts a similar approach. Understand that the main ornament in the movement is a short trill of 4 short notes beginning on the upper note. The trill symbol has been used at the two main cadential points giving the player scope to increase the number of notes although the trill still begins on the upper note. As a piece with a slow tempo it invites some reinvention in terms of the ornamentation and it would be well worth listening to some of the available recordings to understand how to approach this aspect of a performance. It is a sonata with scope for a performer to improvise. No pedalling has been written into the score although some use of it is recommended. Many performers spread some of the chords in the left hand to imitate the strumming sound a guitar. This choice of playing the chords iin this way is left to the discretion of the player. Close

Keyboard Sonata in B minor K.27

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A very pianistic Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed and published from the baroque era. A very pianistic keyboard sonata providing excellent opportunities for developing left hand over right hand playing technique. The work has a largely two part texture after short four part passages at the opening of the two sections. A tempo of 110 quarter note (crotchet beats) to the minutes is suggested – it is important that the chosen tempo enables the harmonic direction to be communicated. Fingers need to be kept close to the keys and little use of the sustaining pedal is advised whilst a legato playing approach is needed. There is a also more scope for developing the dynamic range than is presented in the realisation. The first page of edited music score does unfortunately look rather “busy.” At bar 29 note stems up are played by the right hand and note stems pointing downwards by the left hand. In a performance it it important to give shape to the motives. Close

Keyboard Sonata in C minor K.11

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed from this era. A keyboard sonata that needs to be pl Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of music printed from this era. A keyboard sonata that needs to be played with delicacy and both a lightness and clarity of touch. A tempo of 76 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended - the sonata should not be played too quickly as it loses its intimacy. Legato playing is required and the performance score has detailed suggested right and left hand fingering. The crossing of hands is also a feature requiring attention to the balance of the dynamics. The bar 20 trill has two options written in the score as to how it can be played. Whilst slowing down at the end of the main sections is appropriate this should not be exaggerated or start too soon. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D minor K.9

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal detail which is characteristic of music printed from this era. A very beautiful and appealing mo Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal detail which is characteristic of music printed from this era. A very beautiful and appealing movement to play and one of Domenico Scarlatti’s most popular keyboard sonatas. A tempo of 80 dotted quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested.A consistent approach in terms of tempo is recommended with possibly a slight slowing down at the approach to the cadences of the two main sections. The ornaments are realised symmetrically in the realisation without the subtlety of a performance where a piano/keyboard/harpsichord player might speed up, slow down or even hesitate during the delivery of a trill. A simple and consistent approach to the playing of ornaments is advised particularly in the early stages of learning and internalising the piece. Whilst in some ways this music has some romantic sounding features remember that it is music from the baroque era and should be approached accordingly. A successful performance of this sonata requires both control and delicacy. Tempo is a performance element that in many historical recordings is approached with a combination of indulgence and inconsistency. In bar 37 and bar 38 the ornaments are best played as acciaccatura. (crushed notes). Playing Tip: If in doubt about an ornament miss it out! Close

Keyboard Sonata in D minor K.1

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail chararcteristic of scores from this period in music history. A two part (AB) movemen Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail chararcteristic of scores from this period in music history. A two part (AB) movement with essentially a two part texture. The imitatative counterpoint that features in this movement demands a combination of accuracy with a lightness of touch. A tempo of 110 quarter note (crotchet beats) to the minute is suggested and used in the realisation although the repeats are not played. A light staccatissimo touch is suggested and there should be minimal use of the sustaining pedal. Staccatissimo playing on the piano is a technique whereby the fingers imitate a plucking approach to the playing of the keys. Staccatissimo notes when they are played are indicated throughout the score. It is important that the left hand is held above the right hand in bars 7/8, bar 11 and bar 17 to enable the notes to be correctly articulated. Ornaments start on the upper note and in fast tempo works are best played simply and rhythmically. The Bar 3 ornament can be 4 or 8 notes – I would suggest starting with 4. There is great symmetry in the Scarlatti keyboard sonatas and formally they are very balanced works. Ornamentation should in the editor’s view reflect these characteristics. Playing Tip: If your fingers don’t have time to play the ornaments when learning the piece leave them out and add them at a later stage. Close

Keyboard Sonata in D minor K.1 (Performance)

The performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. The ornaments as played Read More...

The performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. The ornaments as played in the realisation are also written out in full. A two part (AB) movement with essentially a two part texture. The imitatative counterpoint that features in this movement demands a combination of accuracy with a lightness of touch. A tempo of 110 quarter note (crotchet beats) to the minute is suggested and used in the realisation although the repeats are not played. A light staccatissimo touch is suggested and there should be minimal use of the sustaining pedal. Staccatissimo playing on the piano is a technique whereby the fingers imitate a plucking approach to the playing of the keys. Staccatissimo notes when they are played are indicated throughout the score. It is important that the left hand is held above the right hand in bars 7/8, bar 11 and bar 17 to enable the notes to be correctly articulated. Ornaments start on the upper note and in fast tempo works are best played simply and rhythmically. The Bar 3 ornament can be 4 or 8 notes - the music editor suggests starting with 4. There is great symmetry in the Scarlatti keyboard sonatas and formally they are very balanced works. Ornamentation should in the editor's view reflect these characteristics. Playing Tip: If your fingers don't have time to play the ornaments when learning the piece leave them out and add them at a later stage. Close

Keyboard Sonata in C minor K.8 (Edited)

This is an edited music score in that it has some score detail to assist players in performing the sonata. It is very easy to be tempted to play this Read More...

This is an edited music score in that it has some score detail to assist players in performing the sonata. It is very easy to be tempted to play this keyboard sonata too heavily - remember that Scarlatti’s music originates on the harpsichord which requires a lighter touch than the piano. To perform this sonata it is important to understand both the texture and voicing. There are four lines or voices and each needs to be articulated with sensitivity and awareness of the others. Whilst all the lines are important the top line is the one that will most impress on the listener. Understand that when a particular voice is not sounding rests may or may not be written in the score. In a performance of this sonata careful attention also needs to be paid to the reading and playing of the tied notes. A tempo of 60 quarter note beats to the minute is suggested and from the playing point of view it is an excellent piece for developing “changing the finger on a note technique” which is necessary to achieve a legato particularly in the top line. The right hand is required to play some notes written in the bass clef particularly towards the end of the first section although players should be able to work out the suggestions with the bracket signs and indicated fingering. Remember: In music of the baroque period once the rhythmic pattern of the opening bars has been established it is generally maintained throughout the movement. A dot after a note can mean slightly different things rhythmically in different musical styles. Playing Tip: Understand the musical texture that you are playing. Close

Keyboard Sonata in C minor K.8

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of scores from this period in music history. It is very easy to be te Read More...

This is a plain score version in that it has minimal score detail characteristic of scores from this period in music history. It is very easy to be tempted to play this keyboard sonata too heavily - remember that Scarlatti's music originates on the harpsichord which requires a lighter touch than the piano. To perform this sonata it is important to understand both the texture and voicing. There are four lines or voices and each needs to be articulated with sensitivity and awareness of the others. Whilst all the lines are important the top line is the one that will most impress on the listener. Understand that when a particular voice is not sounding rests may or may not be written in the score. In a performance of this sonata careful attention also needs to be paid to the reading and playing of the tied notes. A tempo of 60 quarter note beats to the minute is suggested and from the playing point of view it is an excellent piece for developing changing the finger on a note technique which is necessary to achieve a legato particularly in the top line. The right hand is required to play some notes written in the bass clef particularly towards the end of the first section although players should be able to work out the suggestions with the bracket signs and indicated fingering. Remember: In music of the baroque period once the rhythmic pattern of the opening bars has been established it is generally maintained throughout the movement. A dot after a note can mean slightly different things rhythmically in different musical styles. Playing Tip: Understand the musical texture that you are playing Close

Keyboard Sonata in C minor K.8 (Performance)

The performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. It is very easy to be te Read More...

The performance score has score detail including dynamics, articulation markings and suggested right and left hand fingering. It is very easy to be tempted to play this keyboard sonata too heavily - remember that Scarlatti's music originates on the harpsichord which requires a lighter touch than the piano. To perform this sonata it is important to understand both the texture and voicing. There are four lines or voices and each needs to be articulated with sensitivity and awareness of the others. Whilst all the lines are important the top line is the one that will most impress on the listener. Understand that when a particular voice is not sounding rests may or may not be written in the score. In a performance of this sonata careful attention also needs to be paid to the reading and playing of the tied notes. A tempo of 60 quarter note beats to the minute is suggested and from the playing point of view it is an excellent piece for developing changing the finger on a note technique which is necessary to achieve a legato particularly in the top line. The right hand is required to play some notes written in the bass clef particularly towards the end of the first section although players should be able to work out the suggestions with the bracket signs and indicated fingering. Remember: In music of the baroque period once the rhythmic pattern of the opening bars has been established it is generally maintained throughout the movement. A dot after a note can mean slightly different things rhythmically in different musical styles. Playing Tip: Understand the musical texture that you are playing Close

Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star arr. piano/keyboard

A very familiar melody used to introduce some of the elements of classical music performance in two part playing. This improver version has clear inst Read More...

A very familiar melody used to introduce some of the elements of classical music performance in two part playing. This improver version has clear instructions and introduces scale playing in a resource intended to be used in group teaching situations. Close

Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star arr. piano/keyboard

A very familiar melody used to introduce some of the elements of classical performance style in melody and accompaniment playing. This beginner arrang Read More...

A very familiar melody used to introduce some of the elements of classical performance style in melody and accompaniment playing. This beginner arrangement has a graphic showing the layout of a keyboard and easy to ready representations of the chords to be played. Fingering is clearly specified for playing the melody and the letter names of the notes appear in the noteheads. This resource is intended to be used in group teaching situations. Close

Minuet in F K.2

A very familiar piece composed by a very young Mozart. This improver level score has specified fingering to assist the player. The minuet is a dance w Read More...

A very familiar piece composed by a very young Mozart. This improver level score has specified fingering to assist the player. The minuet is a dance with three beats to the bar although when learnt it is best played with a one in a bar feel. Mozart's example is of a simply structured binary form movement although when the form was later expanded it became important as one of the movements incorporated into the Classical symphony. The K numbers associated with Mozart scores refers to the Köchel or catalogue numbers that describe the chronologically order of his compositions. This catalogue was created some fifty years after the composers death and K2 understandably is his second published work composed when he was 6. Close

Für Elise

A very familiar piano piece familiarly known as Für Elise and sometimes described as Bagatelle in A minor WoO 59 although it is actually in rondo fo Read More...

A very familiar piano piece familiarly known as Für Elise and sometimes described as Bagatelle in A minor WoO 59 although it is actually in rondo form.This is a shortened version including just the first section of the work. The sustaining pedal should be used sparingly. The realisation lacks flexibility and the give and take needed in a convincing performance. Interestingly it is a piece that was not published until 40 years after the composer's death. As a familiar piece with some sections invitingly straightforward to play it is a piece that is frequently played badly! Counting the beats to the bar particularly in the tricky octave sections is essential if the timing is to be accurate. Close

Für Elise

A very familiar piano piece familiarly known as Für Elise and sometimes described as Bagatelle in A minor WoO 59 although it is actually in rondo fo Read More...

A very familiar piano piece familiarly known as Für Elise and sometimes described as Bagatelle in A minor WoO 59 although it is actually in rondo form. This is a shortened version including just the first section of the work. The sustaining pedal should be used sparingly. The realisation lacks flexibility and the give and take needed for a convincing performance. Interestingly it is a piece that was not published until 40 years after the composer's death. As a familiar piece with some sections invitingly straightforward to play it is a piece that is frequently played badly! Counting the beats to the bar particularly in the tricky octave sections is essential if the timing is to be accurate. This is given a beginner level format but clearly at improver level in standard. Close

Tico-Tico arr. solo piano

In this intermediate level arrangement for solo piano the sounding key is A minor/major and a tempo of 88 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute Read More...

In this intermediate level arrangement for solo piano the sounding key is A minor/major and a tempo of 88 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended. The piece is structured into three sections and it can be satisfactorily performed with or without repeats. Dating from 1917 this Brazilian choro (lament) was composed by Abreu and whilst there is no definitive notated version it is a piece that has travelled widely in various different formats. It is an excellent ensemble piece and there are many arrangement possibilities suited to both formal or more informal music making activities. . Close

Rondo Alla turca

This is shortened version of Mozart's Alla turca in an arrangement for improver keyboard having specified fingering marked on the score. It should b Read More...

This is shortened version of Mozart's Alla turca in an arrangement for improver keyboard having specified fingering marked on the score. It should be an easy piece to learn in that it one of the the most immediately recognisable and popular pieces of music in the repetoire. It was Mozart himself who titled the piece Alla turca (Turkish March) as the music was intended to imitate the sounds of the instruments in the then familiar Turkish military bands. Understood to have been composed in 1783, a tempo in the range 110-120 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested and little use of sustaining pedal is advised although it can be used more readily in the coda or closing section. Close

Rondo Alla turca

This is shortened version of Mozart's Alla turca arranged for beginner keyboard and having the letter names of the notes in the noteheads and specifi Read More...

This is shortened version of Mozart's Alla turca arranged for beginner keyboard and having the letter names of the notes in the noteheads and specified fingering. It is intended as a transition piece intended to help keyboard and piano players to progress quickly from beginner to improver level. It should be an easy piece to learn in that it one of the the most immediately recognisable and popular pieces of music in the repetoire. Understand that this is an improver level arrangement. Close

First Movement from Sonatina No.6 arr. piano

This is a keyboard transcription of a movement from Mozart's Divertimento No 3 K439b for wind trio. Many of the distinctive and characteristic elemen Read More...

This is a keyboard transcription of a movement from Mozart's Divertimento No 3 K439b for wind trio. Many of the distinctive and characteristic elements of Mozart's compositional style are evident in this piece. The realisation has a tempo of 144 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the bar and is played without repeats. Musical ideas needed to be clearly articulated and the movement utilises a range of keyboard touches requiring a lightness in the hands and fingers. Keyboard players may wish to experiment with the suggested fingering for example, many music editors suggest using a different finger when the same note is repeated especially if there are staccato markings in the score. It is a technique that helps encourages lightness of touch. Close

Andante in C from Piano Sonata No. 10 in C for piano Hob. XVI/1

A graceful movement from one of Haydn's early keyboard sonatas with a melody that very much captures the spirit of the classical age.The melody needs Read More...

A graceful movement from one of Haydn's early keyboard sonatas with a melody that very much captures the spirit of the classical age.The melody needs to be played in a flowing and even manner and played at a tempo in which the music is does not seem to be rushed - 42 quarter notes (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. The balance between the instrumental parts could possibly be improved in performance and more attention paid to the ends of the phrases which are not as well shaped in the realisation as they possibly could be. In the realisation a consistent approach to the interpretation of the ornaments is the intention but there are other solutions and additions that can be made. Performers of this work often vary and add additional ornaments in the the repeat sections and consequently no two performances of the movement are interpretated in the same way. The ornaments in this version are written out in an ossia staff but can always be omitted in the early stages of learning the piece. Close

Andante from Sonatina in C Opus 36

Another movement from the rich treasure trove of Clementi's Opus 36 Sonatina's for piano. This is a slow Andante movement having a legato melody accom Read More...

Another movement from the rich treasure trove of Clementi's Opus 36 Sonatina's for piano. This is a slow Andante movement having a legato melody accompanied by a triplets. Ornaments have been written out and the score detail includes specified fingering. A tempo of 54 quarter (crotchet) note beats to the minute is suggested and I would against too much use of the sustaining pedal. In bars 8 and 24 the dotted eighth (quaver) notes should be played as if they are triplets so that the written sixteenth (semiquaver) notes are played with the third triplet in the left hand. Close

Celibrated Minuet for piano/keyboard

This improver version features the only first minuet of Boccherini's Minuet and Trio from his String Quintet Opus 11 No.5. In this two part arrangemen Read More...

This improver version features the only first minuet of Boccherini's Minuet and Trio from his String Quintet Opus 11 No.5. In this two part arrangement for piano/keyboard the musical texture has been simplified into melody and accompaniment. Fingering is clearly marked in the score along with other score detail and the ornaments have been written out in full, in an ossia staff, to assist players. I would suggest that they are perhaps omitted in the early stages of learning the piece. This movement requires a lightness of touch and above all a very consistent approach which will be a challenge to players inexperienced in performing music from this era. A tempo of 100 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended and minimal use of the sustaining pedal encouraging a dry acoustic. Close

Celibrated Minuet arr. piano/keyboard

This improver version has the letter names of the notes written in the noteheads and features the only first minuet of Boccherini's Minuet and Trio fr Read More...

This improver version has the letter names of the notes written in the noteheads and features the only first minuet of Boccherini's Minuet and Trio from his String Quintet Opus 11 No.5. It is intended to be a bridging piece encouraging instrument players to progress from beginner to improver level. (quickly!) In this two part arrangement for piano/keyboard the musical texture has been simplified into melody and accompaniment. Fingering is clearly marked in the score along with other score detail and the ornaments have been written out in full, in an ossia staff, to assist players. I would suggest that they are perhaps omitted in the early stages of leaning the piece. This movement requires a lightness of touch and above all a very consistent approach which will be a challenge to players inexperienced in performing music from this era. A tempo of 100 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended and to encourage a dry acoustic minimal use of the sustaining pedal. Close

Rondo from Sonatina in G V2 arr. piano/keyboard

This is an attractive piece which has in the recent past been used as the basis for a pop tune. In this arrangement of the first section of the piece Read More...

This is an attractive piece which has in the recent past been used as the basis for a pop tune. In this arrangement of the first section of the piece for piano/keyboard the melody is played by the right hand whilst the left hand plays some broken chords. Fingering is clearly marked in the score and a tempo of 100 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute and as a beginner score the letter names of the notes can be seen in the noteheads. The rondo was composed by Clementi, known in his own time as a teacher, composer, performer and even as a manufacturer of pianos spending most of his adult life living in England. His Opus 36 Sonatinas are a rich source of music for piano players. A rondo is a piece with a recurring theme although only the A or first section is featured in this beginner arrangement. Close

Serenade arr. piano/keyboard

This is a two part arrangement for piano/keyboard of this familiar piece from the string quartet repertoire. The music possesses classical beauty and Read More...

This is a two part arrangement for piano/keyboard of this familiar piece from the string quartet repertoire. The music possesses classical beauty and is sustained in its quality and whilst attributed to Haydn is now known to have been composed by Roman Hoffstetter. The music in the movement does sound easy to play although there are challenges in playing music of this era well and musically. In performance, the articulation of the notes needs to be consistent - the melody is to be played legato (Andante Cantabile) and the accompaniment staccato or at least in a detached manner. A tempo of 100 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the bar is suggested. Close

Serenade arr. piano/keyboard

This is a two part cut down arrangement for the beginner player of this familiar piece from the string quartet repertoire. The music possesses class Read More...

This is a two part cut down arrangement for the beginner player of this familiar piece from the string quartet repertoire. The music possesses classical beauty and is sustained in its quality. Whilst attributed to Haydn it is now known to have been composed by Roman Hoffstetter. Whilst, the music in the movement does sound easy to play there are nevertheless challenges in playing music of this era well and musically. In performance, the articulation of the notes needs to be consistent - the melody is to be played legato and the accompaniment staccato or at least in a detached manner. A tempo of 100 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the bar is suggested. As a beginner score the letter names of the notes appears in the notehead. Close

Any Rags? arr. piano / keyboard

An arrangement piano and/or keyboard of this song chorus that demonstrates many of the essential elements of an emerging popular music style at the be Read More...

An arrangement piano and/or keyboard of this song chorus that demonstrates many of the essential elements of an emerging popular music style at the beginning of the 20th century. It is a characterful and musical piece suited to being played as a link between scenes in a show or something with a similar context. The piece sounds in the key of F. Close

The Good Time’s Rag arr. piano or keyboard

In this improver version for solo piano or keyboard the 8 bar melody first played with the bass outline and is then repeated first with a simple vampe Read More...

In this improver version for solo piano or keyboard the 8 bar melody first played with the bass outline and is then repeated first with a simple vamped chord accompaniment and then with a an accompaniment where the accompaniment changes with each beat. A tempo of 110 quarter notes (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended and is used in the realisation. Close

The Good Times Rag arr. piano or keyboard

A harder and longer version of this beginner piece to introduce piano and keyboard players to the musical elements that feature in ragtime music. In t Read More...

A harder and longer version of this beginner piece to introduce piano and keyboard players to the musical elements that feature in ragtime music. In this version a simple accompaniment based on chords is introduced in the second play through of the melody. A tempo of 110 quarter notes (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested whilst the letter names of the notes are written in the note head. Fingering is clearly specified. Close

The Good Times Rag arr. piano or keyboard

A two part beginner piece to introduce piano and keyboard players to the musical elements that feature in ragtime music namely syncopated rhythms and Read More...

A two part beginner piece to introduce piano and keyboard players to the musical elements that feature in ragtime music namely syncopated rhythms and clearly articulated chord based melody shapes. A tempo of 110 quarter notes (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. There is a keyboard graphic to support beginner players whilst the letter names of the notes are written in the noteheads. Fingering is also clearly specified. Close

Wilson’s Rag arr. keyboard/piano

An arrangement of this ragtime waltz for piano or keyboard. A tempo of 110 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested and is used in the Read More...

An arrangement of this ragtime waltz for piano or keyboard. A tempo of 110 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested and is used in the realisation. In this version the right hand plays the melody whist the left hand either plays either in octaves or vamped chords. Specified fingering is also clearly indicated in the score. Close

Wilson’s Rag arr. keyboard/piano

This is easy to play two part ragtime piece exploring the waltz rhythm. A tempo of 100-110 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. A Read More...

This is easy to play two part ragtime piece exploring the waltz rhythm. A tempo of 100-110 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. As a beginner score the letter names of the notes are written inside the extra large noteheads and there is recommended fingering. Close

The Entertainer arr. piano/keyboard

The intermediate version of "The Entertainer" includes all the main musical sections of the original. Chords have been more appropriately voiced for Read More...

The intermediate version of "The Entertainer" includes all the main musical sections of the original. Chords have been more appropriately voiced for the beginner player and the texture simplified so that the right hand octaves are omitted. Described as A Rag Time Two Step and composed in 1902, this music is instantly recognisable, which is a disadvantage to any instrumentalist because as a consequence it needs to played both accurately and musically. Ragtime is the first readily identifiable modern popular music in that it has elements and links with popular music that succeeded it. Unfortunately, much ragtime music is played very badly and frequently at too fast a tempo so I would suggest listening to Scott Joplin's own remastered piano rolls to obtain an understanding of the performance style. A tempo of around 72 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended. Close

The Entertainer arr. piano/keyboard

In this improver level arrangement the right hand plays the outline melody accompanied by the left hand playing chords. Fingering is specified and pla Read More...

In this improver level arrangement the right hand plays the outline melody accompanied by the left hand playing chords. Fingering is specified and players are helped by graphics to show which notes are to be played for the chords. When chords are subsequently repeated only the chord symbol is given. This is a cut down version omitting the final two sections of the Trio. Described as a "Rag Time Two Step" and composed in 1902, this music is instantly recognisable, which is a disadvantage to any instrumentalist because as a consequence it needs to played both accurately and musically. Ragtime is the first readily identifiable modern popular music in that it has elements and links with popular music that succeeded it. Unfortunately, much ragtime music is played very badly and frequently at too fast a tempo so I would suggest listening to Scott Joplin's own remastered piano rolls to obtain an understanding of the performance style. A tempo of around 72 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. Close

El Choclo arr. piano / keyboard

This very popular tango dates from 1903 and is probably quite a challenge for an improver level piano/keyboard player. A tempo of 60-66 quarter note Read More...

This very popular tango dates from 1903 and is probably quite a challenge for an improver level piano/keyboard player. A tempo of 60-66 quarter note (crotchet) notes to the minute is recommended. The English translation of El Choclo is the "The Ear of Corn". Ángel Villoldo (1861-1919) was an Argentinian composer and a pioneer of tango which became very popular from both the music and dancing point of view towards the end of the nineteenth century. It is popular today both in Argentina from where it originates and is a familiar and recognisable music style around the world. Close

Le Piccadilly arr intermediate piano

This is an intermediate level version of Satie's march inspired by the music of the ragtime era. It is a cabaret piece featuring the cakewalk rhythm Read More...

This is an intermediate level version of Satie's march inspired by the music of the ragtime era. It is a cabaret piece featuring the cakewalk rhythm which was popular in Paris around 1900. A tempo of 96 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested for this concise humorous piece dating from 1904. The music copy has been edited with right and left hand fingering. Close

Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star for piano/keyboard

This version of the familiar melody is presented with an "alberti" style left hand chordal accompaniment similar to that feature in much classical key Read More...

This version of the familiar melody is presented with an "alberti" style left hand chordal accompaniment similar to that feature in much classical keyboard music. The letter names of the notes also appear in the note heads to encourage the learning of the position of the notes in both the treble and bass clefs. The right and left hand fingering is clearly specified to help establish secure performance technique. Close

Piano Variations on Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star

A very familiar melody used to introduce some of the elements of classical performance style in melody and accompaniment playing.This intermediate lev Read More...

A very familiar melody used to introduce some of the elements of classical performance style in melody and accompaniment playing.This intermediate level arrangement explores classical compositional techniques within a two part texture and features an alberti style bass, the melody played by the left hand in the bass clef and changes of time signature. Close

Prelude in D minor (originally Cm) BWV 999 for solo keyboard

This is the prelude in C minor BWV 999 transcribed to the key of D minor. Right and left hand fingering is specified. The chordal element of this pie Read More...

This is the prelude in C minor BWV 999 transcribed to the key of D minor. Right and left hand fingering is specified. The chordal element of this piece relates well to the modern musical ear. The movement was popularised by Segovia's solo guitar playing although the origins of the movement are as a lute piece. This movement has to be rhythmically secure - it is tempting to play the movement too quickly or too methodically so choosing an appropriate tempo is quite a performance challenge.. Close

Prelude in C minor BWV 999 for solo keyboard

This is the piano version of the prelude in the key of C minor although its origins are as a lute piece. Right and left hand fingering is specified an Read More...

This is the piano version of the prelude in the key of C minor although its origins are as a lute piece. Right and left hand fingering is specified and some score detail is given. The chordal element of this piece relates well to the modern musical ear whilst the movement was popularised by Segovia's solo guitar playing in the 1960's. This movement has to be rhythmically secure - it is very easy to play the movement either too quickly or too slowly and deciding on an appropriate tempo can be quite a performance challenge. Close

Minuet in G minor BWV App. 115 solo keyboard

In this version the ornaments have been written out in full above the symbols and also realised in the playback version. In baroque music performers o Read More...

In this version the ornaments have been written out in full above the symbols and also realised in the playback version. In baroque music performers often vary the ornaments in the repeat sections but this is not advised for this particilar movement. Close

Prelude in D for solo keyboard

The piano / keyboard version of this movement with the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. The realisations are played at a tempo of 60 h Read More...

The piano / keyboard version of this movement with the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. The realisations are played at a tempo of 60 half note (minim) beats to the bar which allows the flowing lines to be communicated. Aim to play the lines as evenly as possible although the left hand can either be played semi staccato. Close

Prelude in D minor for solo keyboard

A piano / keyboard version of this dignified movement with an outline chord shape that needs to be clearly articulated supported by a contrasting and Read More...

A piano / keyboard version of this dignified movement with an outline chord shape that needs to be clearly articulated supported by a contrasting and well defined bass line. It has a toccata / cadenza like section near the end. The ornaments have been written out and are realised on the mp3 playback. Close

Jesu, Joy arr. in 8/8

A rhythmic variant version of this familiar movement in 8/8 time which could be easily adapted and played by several different instrument combinations Read More...

A rhythmic variant version of this familiar movement in 8/8 time which could be easily adapted and played by several different instrument combinations. Bach's music readily invites re-invention of this kind and playing this music in this pattern encourages rhythmic flexibility and is good preparation for playing music in more recent popular idioms. Close

Jesu, Joy arr in 7/8

A rhythmic variant of this familiar movement in 7/8 time which could be readily adapted and played by several different instrument combinations. Bach' Read More...

A rhythmic variant of this familiar movement in 7/8 time which could be readily adapted and played by several different instrument combinations. Bach's music readily invites reinvention of this kind and playing music with asymmetrical rhythms is excellent preparation for playing music in other idioms. Close

Jesu, Joy arr. for solo keyboard

A shortened version of this familiar piece arranged for for piano /keyboard with the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. This two part ve Read More...

A shortened version of this familiar piece arranged for for piano /keyboard with the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. This two part version has been notated in 9/8 time (three dotted quarter note beats to the bar) and needs to be played fluently with a legato touch. Close

Jesu, Joy arr. for solo keyboard

A shortened version of this familiar piece having the letter names of notes appearing in the noteheads and the right and left hand fingering clearly s Read More...

A shortened version of this familiar piece having the letter names of notes appearing in the noteheads and the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. This two part version has been notated in 9/8 time (three dotted quarter note beats to the bar) and needs to be played fluently with a legato touch. Close

Sleeper\'s Wake arr. for solo keyboard

A piano / keyboard arrangement of this movement with the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. This is music based on a chorale (hymn) tune Read More...

A piano / keyboard arrangement of this movement with the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. This is music based on a chorale (hymn) tune that would have been familiar to Bach's congregations. This is a shortened version of this movement familiarising players with its rhythmic figuration and bass line. The rhythmic shapes sound modern and not surprisingly the movement has been subject to an update by a number of contemporary performing groups in a variety of styles. Close

Sleeper\'s Wake arr for solo keyboard

A piano / keyboard arrangement of this movement with the letter names of the notes appearing in the noteheads and the right and left hand fingering cl Read More...

A piano / keyboard arrangement of this movement with the letter names of the notes appearing in the noteheads and the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. This is music based on a chorale (hymn) tune that would have been familiar to Bach's congregations. This is a shortened version of this movement familiarising players with its rhythmic figuration and bass line. The rhythmic shapes sound modern and not surprisingly the movement has been subject to an update by a number of contemporary performing groups in a variety of styles. Close

Minuet in B minor arr for solo keyboard

A two part solo keyboard version of this movement with the right and left hand fingering specified together with some additional score detail. One o Read More...

A two part solo keyboard version of this movement with the right and left hand fingering specified together with some additional score detail. One of Bach’s most beautiful melodies associated particularly with the flute repetoire. The binary AB form minuet is from the Orchestral Suite in B minor BWV 1067. Players may wish to refer to the Two Part score which has the ornaments written out to clarify how they should be played and listen to the mp3 realisation which can similarly be downloaded. Close

Bourrée in E minor BWV 996 arr. solo keyboard

A piano / keyboard arrangement with the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. This particular bourrée shouldn't be played too quickly an Read More...

A piano / keyboard arrangement with the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. This particular bourrée shouldn't be played too quickly and a tempo of around 60 half note (minim) beats to the minute is suggested. A bourrée is a dance for often found in the baroque suite having two half note (minim) beats to the bar, a moderate to fast tempo and begins with an upbeat on the last quarter note of the bar. The realisation is lacking in tonal contrast. Close

Bourrée in E minor for solo keyboard

A piano / keyboard arrangement of this dance movement with the letter names of the notes appearing in the noteheads and the right and left hand finger Read More...

A piano / keyboard arrangement of this dance movement with the letter names of the notes appearing in the noteheads and the right and left hand fingering clearly specified. This particular bourrée should not be played too quickly and a tempo of around 60 half note (minim) beats to the minute is suggested. The musical lines are of equal performance and technical difficulty and for this reason this is an excellent training piece for the fingers. The repeats do sound in the realisation Close

Invention No.8 in F for solo keyboard

This busy uplifting movement requires a good technique and level of musicianship to be played accurately and at a consistent tempo. The imitative coun Read More...

This busy uplifting movement requires a good technique and level of musicianship to be played accurately and at a consistent tempo. The imitative counterpoint is a strong feature and and for the notes and shapes to be clearly articulated the piano or keyboard player needs to have a light touch. A tempo of 96 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is recommended. Close

Invention No.4 in D minor for solo keyboard

This solo keyboard version of the Two Part Inventions has right and left hand fingering specified. A flowing and reflective movement which should be p Read More...

This solo keyboard version of the Two Part Inventions has right and left hand fingering specified. A flowing and reflective movement which should be played at a tempo which gives the music an uplifting feel rather a plodding one. A tempo of 72 dotted eighth note beats (dotted quaver) to the minute is suggested. The ornaments for this movement do present something of a challenge and I would suggest leaving them out whilst the piece is being learnt. Modern Bach playing benefits from a fairly dry acoustic with little use of the piano sustaining pedal. Close

Invention No.14 in Bb for solo keyboard

The rhythmic figuration requires a secure and competent technique. The playing needs to be even and balanced and require a lightness of touch otherwi Read More...

The rhythmic figuration requires a secure and competent technique. The playing needs to be even and balanced and require a lightness of touch otherwise the tempo will drag. This version has right and left fingering specified on the score. A tempo of around 54 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the bar is suggested. Close

Invention No.13 in A minor for solo keyboard

The Two Part Inventions are excellent training pieces but do require a secure technique if they are to be performed competently. This is a challenging Read More...

The Two Part Inventions are excellent training pieces but do require a secure technique if they are to be performed competently. This is a challenging piece because it can be performed convincingly at different tempi. I would suggest that the sixteenth notes (semiquavers) are played evenly without any exaggeration or alteration to the rhythmic intention. This version has right and left hand fingering specified. Close

Siciliano in G minor arr for solo keyboard

The siciliano is a slow tempo movement in 6/8 and 12/8 time particularly popular in the baroque period featuring dotted rhythms to give it a lilting f Read More...

The siciliano is a slow tempo movement in 6/8 and 12/8 time particularly popular in the baroque period featuring dotted rhythms to give it a lilting feel - that said it shouldn't be played too slowly. In this piano solo arrangement the challenge is to satisfactorily communicate the melody within the context of the three part texture. Close

Polonaise in G minor for solo keyboard

The polonaise is a dance in three time of Polish origin and the rhythmic motives featuring in this particlar example are very typical. This version fo Read More...

The polonaise is a dance in three time of Polish origin and the rhythmic motives featuring in this particlar example are very typical. This version for piano / keyboard has the right hand and left hand fingering clearly specified. A tempo of 110 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. Close

Polonaise in G minor BWV App.119 solo keyboard

The polonaise is a dance in three time of Polish origin and the rhythmic motives featuring in this particlar example are very typical - the repetitiv Read More...

The polonaise is a dance in three time of Polish origin and the rhythmic motives featuring in this particlar example are very typical - the repetitive elements help give the movement drive and urgency. This version for piano / keyboard has the right hand and left hand fingering clearly specified whilst a tempo of 110 quarter note (crotchet) beats to the minute is suggested. Close

Polonaise in G minor BWV App. 119 solo keyboard

A characterful and rhythmic piece with strong repetitive elements. This version for piano / keyboard has the letter names of the notes in the notehead Read More...

A characterful and rhythmic piece with strong repetitive elements. This version for piano / keyboard has the letter names of the notes in the noteheads and the right hand and left hand fingering clearly specified. The repetitive elements help give the movement drive and urgency. Close

Minuet in G minor BWV App. 115 solo keyboard

A haunting piece in the key of G minor often associated and played with the Minuet in G BWV App 114. The right hand and left hand fingering is clearly Read More...

A haunting piece in the key of G minor often associated and played with the Minuet in G BWV App 114. The right hand and left hand fingering is clearly specified. Avoid adding the ornamentation until the playing is secure. Close

Minuet in G minor BWV App. 115 solo keyboard

A haunting piece in the key of G minor often associated and played with the Minuet in G BWV App 114. This version has the letter names of the notes in Read More...

A haunting piece in the key of G minor often associated and played with the Minuet in G BWV App 114. This version has the letter names of the notes in the noteheads and the right hand and left hand fingering clearly specified. Close

March in D for solo keyboard

C.P.E.Bach;s lively march from the Anna Magdalena Notebook written in cut time. The left hand piano part can be played in a detached semi-staccato man Read More...

C.P.E.Bach;s lively march from the Anna Magdalena Notebook written in cut time. The left hand piano part can be played in a detached semi-staccato manner. This piece requires a secure technique for the performance to be convincing. Suggested fingering has also been added to the score. Close

March in D for solo keyboard

C.P.E.Bach's lively march from the Anna Magdalena Notebook written in cut time. This version for keyboard has the letter names of the notes written in Read More...

C.P.E.Bach's lively march from the Anna Magdalena Notebook written in cut time. This version for keyboard has the letter names of the notes written in the note heads to assist in learning the note positions of the treble and bass staves. Close

Minuet arr. for alto saxophone and piano

An arrangement for alto saxophone and piano of this uplifting piece which features imitation in the writing and like many of Bach’s short works Read More...

An arrangement for alto saxophone and piano of this uplifting piece which features imitation in the writing and like many of Bach’s short works composed in two sections. This binary (AB) form dance form movement needs to be played fluently with all notes being clearly articulated. Close

Minuet in G for solo keyboard

An uplifting piece which features imitation in the writing and like many of Bach’s short works composed in two sections. This binary (AB) form Read More...

An uplifting piece which features imitation in the writing and like many of Bach’s short works composed in two sections. This binary (AB) form dance form movement needs to be played in a fluent legato style.This movement is also suited to being played by a combination of different instruments. Close

Minuet in G for solo keyboard

An uplifting piece which features imitation in the writing and like many of Bach’s short works composed in two sections. This binary (AB) form Read More...

An uplifting piece which features imitation in the writing and like many of Bach’s short works composed in two sections. This binary (AB) form dance form movement needs to be played in a fluent legato style. This version for keyboard has the letter names of the notes written in the note heads. Close

Minuet in D minor for solo keyboard

A short piece in melancholy mood exploring the key of D minor. Aim to develop legato playing by keeping to the specified fingering. Much of the music Read More...

A short piece in melancholy mood exploring the key of D minor. Aim to develop legato playing by keeping to the specified fingering. Much of the music that appears in collections by Bach such as the "Anna Magdalena Bach Notebook"and attributed to him has often been composed by some else. Close

Minuet in D minor BWV App.132 for solo keyboard

A beautiful melancholy movement suited to being played by a number of different instrument combinations. This version for keyboard has the letter name Read More...

A beautiful melancholy movement suited to being played by a number of different instrument combinations. This version for keyboard has the letter names of the notes written in the note heads. Whilst the music has been attributed to J.S.Bach the composer is unknown. Close

Musette in D BWV App.126 piano / keyboard

A lively piece with strong repetitive elements. Notes need to be clearly articulated and there are some quite challenging rhythms to learn in the midd Read More...

A lively piece with strong repetitive elements. Notes need to be clearly articulated and there are some quite challenging rhythms to learn in the middle section. There is also some suggested fingering. Close

Musette in D for piano / keyboard BWV App.126

A lively piece with strong repetitive elements. This version has the letter names of the notes written in the note heads to encourage the learning of Read More...

A lively piece with strong repetitive elements. This version has the letter names of the notes written in the note heads to encourage the learning of the position of notes in the treble and bass staves. Close

Minuet in G BWV App.114 keyboard or piano

This version of the familiar Minuet attributed to J.S.Bach has the letter names of the notes written in the note heads to encourage music reading and Read More...

This version of the familiar Minuet attributed to J.S.Bach has the letter names of the notes written in the note heads to encourage music reading and both hands together playing. Close

Minuet in G BWV App.114 keyboard or piano

The keyboard version of this familiar Baroque piece once attributed to J.S.Bach and found in the Anna Magdalena Notebook. This is an edited music scor Read More...

The keyboard version of this familiar Baroque piece once attributed to J.S.Bach and found in the Anna Magdalena Notebook. This is an edited music score with suggested fingering. Close

Minuet in G BWV App.114 keyboard or piano

An excellent and appealing melody to play which will help develop essential and secure keyboard technique. Arranged for the beginner this resource has Read More...

An excellent and appealing melody to play which will help develop essential and secure keyboard technique. Arranged for the beginner this resource has a keyboard graphic to help the player learn about the layout of the keyboard with letter names of notes written above the noteheads to help players to learn the note positions on the treble stave Close

Minuet in G App. 114 keyboard or piano

An excellent and appealing melody to play which will help develop essential and secure keyboard technique. Arranged for the beginner this resource has Read More...

An excellent and appealing melody to play which will help develop essential and secure keyboard technique. Arranged for the beginner this resource has graphics to help the player with letter names of notes written in the notepad together with instructions to assist the player. Close

Prelude in C BWV 946 from The Well Tempered Clavier piano

Bach's famous Prelude from Book I of The Well Tempered Clavier. It is a beautiful chordal piece requiring some delicate right hand pedalling when pla Read More...

Bach's famous Prelude from Book I of The Well Tempered Clavier. It is a beautiful chordal piece requiring some delicate right hand pedalling when played on the piano. The score also has some suggested fingering. Close

Minuet in G BWV App114

J.S. Bach's most familiar melody in an arrangement which has the note letter names in the note heads and some helpful graphics and information.